Scientific Principles and Processes Flashcards
What are the 6 stages of scientific cycle?
- Observation
- Construction of a testable hypothesis
- Experimental Design
- Gathering, recording and analysis of data
- Evaluation of results and conclusion
- Formation of a revised hypothesis where necessary
What is a null hypothesis?
A hypothesis that proposes there will be no statistically significant effect as a result of the experimental treatment i.e no link b/n dependent and independent variables.
What is accuracy determined by?
Scale of measurements being made as well as limitations of equipment
What is Accuracy?
Accuracy is when data reflects the true value of the measured variable.
What should analysis of data include?
- consideration of the accuracy and precision of the measurements
- No. of replicates
- Appropriate statistical test
What are ethics ?
Rules for distinguising b/n right and wrong
What are personal ethics of scientists?
- results should be presented in an unbiased way
2. Scientists should always acknowledge contributions of others to their work
what is citation?
acknowledgement that the idea being discussed is one of another scientist
What principles govern animal studies?
- Reduction
- Replacement
- Refinement
What principles govern animal studies?
- Reduction
- Replacement
- Refinement
Describe Replacement in terms of animal studies
The use of animals must be replaced with alternatives as often as possible
Describe Reduction in terms of animal studies
no. of animals being used should be minimised as much as possible
Describe Refinement in terms of animals studies
tecniques should be adjusted to minimise harm to animals being used
Describe Refinement in terms of animals studies
tecniques should be adjusted to minimise harm to animals being used
Give some 4 key principles of human studies
- Informed Consent
- Right to withdraw data
- Confidentiality
- No harm to participants
