Scientific Principles and Processes Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 6 stages of scientific cycle?

A
  1. Observation
  2. Construction of a testable hypothesis
  3. Experimental Design
  4. Gathering, recording and analysis of data
  5. Evaluation of results and conclusion
  6. Formation of a revised hypothesis where necessary
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2
Q

What is a null hypothesis?

A

A hypothesis that proposes there will be no statistically significant effect as a result of the experimental treatment i.e no link b/n dependent and independent variables.

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3
Q

What is accuracy determined by?

A

Scale of measurements being made as well as limitations of equipment

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4
Q

What is Accuracy?

A

Accuracy is when data reflects the true value of the measured variable.

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5
Q

What should analysis of data include?

A
  1. consideration of the accuracy and precision of the measurements
  2. No. of replicates
  3. Appropriate statistical test
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6
Q

What are ethics ?

A

Rules for distinguising b/n right and wrong

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7
Q

What are personal ethics of scientists?

A
  1. results should be presented in an unbiased way

2. Scientists should always acknowledge contributions of others to their work

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8
Q

what is citation?

A

acknowledgement that the idea being discussed is one of another scientist

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9
Q

What principles govern animal studies?

A
  1. Reduction
  2. Replacement
  3. Refinement
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10
Q

What principles govern animal studies?

A
  1. Reduction
  2. Replacement
  3. Refinement
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11
Q

Describe Replacement in terms of animal studies

A

The use of animals must be replaced with alternatives as often as possible

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12
Q

Describe Reduction in terms of animal studies

A

no. of animals being used should be minimised as much as possible

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13
Q

Describe Refinement in terms of animals studies

A

tecniques should be adjusted to minimise harm to animals being used

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14
Q

Describe Refinement in terms of animals studies

A

tecniques should be adjusted to minimise harm to animals being used

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15
Q

Give some 4 key principles of human studies

A
  1. Informed Consent
  2. Right to withdraw data
  3. Confidentiality
  4. No harm to participants
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16
Q

What is the direction of science controlled by? (5)

A
  1. Legislation
  2. Regulation
  3. Policy
  4. Funding
  5. Approval