Scientific investigation

Question 1

What are the basic steps of scientific inquiry?

Answer 1

Ask a question, do the research, make a hypothesis, test your hypothesis, analyze results, draw a conclusion, and share results. Or if your hypothesis is proven false, make a new one and try again.

Question 2

What are the three main branches of science, and what does each study?

Answer 2

Biology is the study of living things, earth science is the study of earth and space, and physical science is the study of matter and energy.

Question 3

What is a hypothesis?

Answer 3

It’s an educated prediction that can be tested.

Question 4

If your observations don’t support your hypothesis, what should you do?

Answer 4

Make a new hypothesis based on your observations and start the process over again.

Question 5

How is evidence used in scientific investigations?

Answer 5

Evidence - observations and data - can either support or oppose a hypothesis.

Question 6

Compare and contrast a theory and a law.

Answer 6

A theory explains why something happens. A law identifies what happens in nature but doesn’t necessarily explain why it happens.

Question 7

What are models, and why are they used in science?

Answer 7

A model is a representation of something. Models are used in science to help us think about things that are difficult to observe in real life.

Question 8

Give an example of a physical model, a computer model, and a mathematical model.

Answer 8

PHYSICAL MODELS: maps, globes, and dioramas
COMPUTER MODELS: 3-D simulations of people or places and simulations of moving weather fronts
MATHEMATICAL MODELS: equations, such as the equation of a line, and mathematical simulations, such as business proposals. 8 has more than one answer

Question 9

Match the term with the correct definition.
1. Procedure
2. Independent variable
3. Dependent variable
4. Constants
5. Control
6. Infer

A. This factor depends on the independent variable, It is
usually the observed outcome (result) of an experiment.
B. A trial where all the variables are held constant
C. The variable that is changed on purpose in an experiment by
the scientist
D. Factors in an experiment that
remain the same
E. A step-by-step list of how to carry out an experiment
F. Use evidence to draw conclusions about things you may not have directly observed.

Answer 9

1. E
2. C
3. A
4. D
5. B
6. F

Question 10

In the park, there are 25 pigeons, 15 squirrels, 5 squirrels, and 5 stray cats.
7. Make a table for this data.
8. Draw a bar graph to represent this data.
9. Why can’t you draw a line graph using only this information?

Answer 10

Images of graphs.
9. You can’t draw a line graph because there is no data to compare the number of animals to, such as time of day.

Question 11

1. What are the SI units for mass, length, and temperature?
2. What tool would you use to measure the height of your dog?
3. Where do you look to take a volume reading of a liquid in a graduated cylinder?
4. What is the easiest tool used to measure mass?
5. How do you find the volume of a rectangular solid?
6. Describe the difference between mass and weight.
7. convert 50 centimeters to kilometers.
8. Define “volume” and list some common volumes measured.
   If the boiling point of water in Celsius is 100”, what is the boiling point in Kelvin?
9. You place a paper clip in a cup of soda and it sinks. Which is denser-the paper clip or the soda? Would the paper clip most likely have a density of 2.8, 1.0, or 0.3 g/mL?

Answer 11

8 has more than one correct answer.

1. Grams, meters, Kelvin
2. A meterstick
3. The bottom of the meniscus
4. An electronic balance
5. You measure the length, with, and height of an object, You then multiply all three numbers to find the volume of the object

(volume = length x width x height).
6. Mass is the amount of matter in an object, and weight is the force applied by a mass.

7. 0.0005 kilometers
8. Volume is the amount of space something occupies, such as the volume of liquid in a soft drink, the volume of a serving of cereal, or the volume of a backpack.
9. 373.15° Kelvin
10. The paper clip is denser; 28 g/mL.

Question 12

What is the mnemonic device for SI prefixes?

Answer 12

Great Mighty King Henry Died, By Drinking Chunky Milk Monday Night.

Question 13

Unit 5
1.What is used to heat things with an open flame?

2. What is a safer way to smell a chemical?
3. What can you use to protect your eyes during labs?
4. Don’t — or drink in lab!
5. What instrument is like a beaker with a narrower mouth?
6. What is the kind of waste that includes living or once-living things?
7. A — stand is used in conjunction with a Bunsen burner.
8. What is used to smother small fires or to wrap a person on fire?
9. Never leave a heat source _______?
10. What holds the specimen when you use a microscope?

Answer 13

1. A Bunsen burner
2. Wafting it
3. Goggles
4. Eat
5. A flask
6. Biological waste
7. Ring
8. A fire blanket
9. Unattended
10. A slide