Scientific Basis Flashcards
What are the three types of imaginary planes used to divide section of our body?
How does sagittal plane divide section of our body?
Right and left
How does frontal/Coronal plane divide section of our body?
Anterior and posterior
How does transverse/horizontal plane divide section of our body?
Superior (upper) & inferior (lower)
Which side of the tongue is the anterior surface?
Ventral/Anterior side is the bottom
What is the difference between medial and lateral.
Medial=midline & Lateral=away from mid line
what does contralateral mean?
Opposite side of the body
Superficial vs deep?
What does proximal mean?
opposite of Proximal
What does superior/Cranial mean?
Toward the head/upper
What does inferior/Caudal mean?
Away from the head
What does Apex mean?
Narrow end/tip of a conical structure. The Apex is at the tip of your root which is a conical structure.
What are the two ways/processes by which bones are formed?
- Intramembranous ossification
- Endochondral Ossification
What is the difference between bone vs Cartilage?
- Bones are the hard, inelastic and a tough organ that forms part of the vertebral skeleton.
- Cartilage is a soft, elastic and flexible connective tissue that protects the bone from rubbing against each other.
The two ways/processes by which bones are formed are Intramembranous ossification and Endochondral Ossification. What is their difference?
No Cartilage is present in Intramembranous ossification and in Endochondral Ossification cartilage is a precursor and is gradually replaced by bones made by osteoblasts.
What is a cartilage?
Cartilage is a soft, elastic and flexible connective tissue that protects the bone from rubbing against each other.
What is Intramembranous Ossification?
It is a bone formation process that begins as fibrous membrane of COLLAGEN + BLOOD VESSELS + OSTEOBLASTS. Ex- Flat bones of the skull
1) Osteoblasts:- bone forming cells
2) Osteoclasts: bone destroying cells
3) Osteocytes: mature bone cells embedded in bone matrix and maintain bone.
Important: No CARTILAGE is present.
What is Endochondral Ossification?
cartilage is present as a precursor and is gradually replaced by bones made by osteoblasts. Ex-Long bones
What are bony prominences?
Are parts of a bone that are immediately below the skin and are used as attachment for muscles, ligaments and tendons.
Ex: Condyle, Tuberosity, Tubercle, Arch, Spine.
Define the following bony prominence (parts of a bone that are immediately below the skin and are used as attachment for muscles, ligaments and tendons)
CONDYLE
Ex: Mandibular condyle
Define the following bony prominence (parts of a bone that are immediately below the skin and are used as attachment for muscles, ligaments and tendons)
TUBEROSITY
Ex: Maxillary Tuberosity
Define the following bony prominence (parts of a bone that are immediately below the skin and are used as attachment for muscles, ligaments and tendons)
TUBERCLE/EMINENCE
Ex: Genial Tubercle
Define the following bony prominence (parts of a bone that are immediately below the skin and are used as attachment for muscles, ligaments and tendons)
ARCH
Ex: Maxillary Arch
Define the following bony prominence (parts of a bone that are immediately below the skin and are used as attachment for muscles, ligaments and tendons)
SPINE
Ex: Spine of out vertebra or anterior nasal spine
What are Bony depressions? Give example
Depressions are indentations on the surface of bones that provide passage of blood vessels and other tissues. Ex Notch, Sulcus, Fossa
Define the bony depression below?
Notch
Define the bony depression below?
Sulcus
Define the bony depression below?
Fossa
What are the two types of skeletal articulations?
1) Joints: further divided by type of movement allowed and could be immovable, slightly moveable or free
2)Sutures: fibrous joints on the skull bones are held together with
What is the only moveable joint in the skull?
TMJ=Temporomandibular joint