sciences Flashcards
which of the following describes the primary function of the respiratory system?
to take oxygen into the body while removing carbon dioxide.
which of the following is the first step of the scientific method?
make observation
the process of organisms with an advantageous trait surviving more often and producing more offspring than organisms without the advantage traits describes which of the following basic mechanisms of evolution?
natural selection
which of the following is the group of basophils that produces follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH)?
gonadotrophs
which of the following are considered the basic units of the female reproductive system, each containing a single immature egg cell that is released during ovulation?
follicles
which of the following describes the muscular organ that processes food material into increasingly smaller pieces, mixes it with saliva to create a bolus, and creates a barrier to transport food into the esophagus?
tounge
which of the following chambers of the heart receives blood returning from the lungs during pulmonary circulation?
left atrium
which of the following is the lobe in the cerebral cortex primarily responsible for processing and integrating sensory information received from the rest of the body?
parietal lobe
which of the following is an example of adaptive, or specific, immunity?
humoral
which of the following describes a situation in which research results are consistent with every subsequent experiment, but the test used in the experiment does not measure what it claims to measure?
reliable, but not valid
which of the following Mendellian laws describe how pairs of alleles within genes separate and recombine separately from other genes?
law of independent assortment
which of the following describes how atomic radius varies across the periodic table?
atomic radius increase from top to bottom and right to left on the periodic table.
which of the following is NOT a tissue layer found in skeletal bone?
enamel
which of the following sets of valves is primarily responsible for preventing blood flow from major blood vessels to the heart?
semilunar valves
bone is composed primarily of which of the following inorganic materials?
calcium
which of the following is the primary physical barrier the body uses to prevent infection?
skin
which of the following is the connective area where nerve impulses send neurotransmitter across a synapse to a muscle contraction?
neuromuscular junction
which of the following istheregion of the brain that controls and regulates autonomic functions such as respiration, digestion, and heart rate?
medulla oblongata
which of the following describes the primary function of the pyloric sphincter?
to regulate the movement of digested food material from the stomach to the duodenum
which of the following is the location of fertilization in the female?
fallopian tubes
the pineal glands is located in which of the following areas in the body?
at the center of the brain hemispheres
which of the following processes aids scientists in observing a population sample in order to answer questions about the whole population?
inferential statistics
which of the following biological macromolecules is non-soluble, composed of hydrocarbons, and acts as an important source of energy storage for the body?
lipids
which of the following is specialized tissue in the right atrium that acts as the heart’s natural pacemaker by generating the electrical signal for the heartbeat?
sinoatrial node
which of the following is a dense, interconnected mass of nerve cells located outside of the central nervous system?
ganglion
which of the following is the primary cell found in the tract of the small intestine?
surface absorptive cells
which of the following describes the general function of cytokines in the immune system?
they communicate between cells to instigate an immune response.
which of the following describes the path through which air moves during inhalation?
mouth/nose > pharynx >larynx >trachea > bronchi > bronchioles > alveoli
which of the following is not a function of the progesterone on the female reproductive system?
expression of secondary sexual characteristic, such as enlarged breast.
which of the following layers if the skin acts as an energy reserve by storing adipocytes and releasing them into circulation when energy is needed?
hypodermis
neurotransmitter send chemical messages across the gap between one neuron and another in which of the following structures?
synapse
Hund’s rule states witch of the following?
electrons fill orbitals singly and with similar spin before pairing
which of the following is the primary function of the large intestine?
absorbing water and compacting material into solid waste
which of the following is a type of white blood cells that plays a key role in adaptive immunity by seeking out, attacking, and destroying targeted pathogens?
T cells
which of the following are the blood vessels that transport blood to the heart?
veins
which of the following cells organelles are the site of lipids synthesis?
smooth endoplasmic reticulum
which of the following describe a series of measurements that produces exact results on a consistent basis?
precise
chromatids divide into identical chromosomes and migrates to opposite ends of the cell in which of the following phases of mitosis?
anaphase
a series of muscle contraction that transports food down the digestive tract in a wave- like fashion describes which of the following?
peristalsis
which of the following is NOT a function of the liver
insulin production and blood sugar
which of the following are regions of the digestive system in which amylase is produced?
pancreas and salivary glands
which of the following describes a cells reaction to being placed in a hypertonic solution
the cell shrinks as water is pulled out of the cell to equalize the concentrations inside and outside of the cell
which of the following are the two major zones of the respiratory system
conducting and respiratory
which of the following is not one of the major tissue layers of the alimenttary canal
duodenum
which of the following distinguishes the isotopes of an element
isotopes are atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons
which of the following is the cartilaginous flap that protects the larynx from water or food while still allowing the flow of air
epigottis
which of the following describes the function of the fascia in muscle tissue
to enclose, protect, support, and separate muscle tissue
which of the following correctly describes a strong acid
a strong acid completely ionizes in water
the process by which blood circulates oxygen from the lungs to the bodys tissues is an example of which of the following
internal respiration
which of the following is the material that is secreted into hair follicles to waterproof and lubricate the skin
sebum
which of the following are the connective tissues that attach bone to bone and help strengthen joints
ligaments
which of the following is NOT a nucleobase of DNA
uracil
which of the following materials is the primary structure protein of the epidermis, nail, and skin
keratin
which of the following correctly describes atomic number
the atomic number is the number of protons in a atom
which of the following is a descriptive, generalized body of scientific observations
law
which of the following types of cells are the main transporters of oxygen through the body
red blood cells
which of the following is the general term for chemical substance that the body produces and transports through the blood to stimulate a cellular response
hormones
which of the following is NOT a function of hair
protecting soft tissue from injury
which of the following is NOT one of the functions of proteins found in the phospholipid bilyer of a cell membrane
to break down material that enters through the cell membrane
which of the following is the muscular action that moves a part of the body away from its median plane
abduction
which of the following does NOT distinguish quantitative data collection from qualitative data collection methods
qualitative methods do not need to be valid or reliable as quantitative methods
which of the following is an example of a birthmark, caused by an increased volume of capillaries close to the surface of the skin
vascular nevis
which of the following correctly describes the valence shell of an atom
the valence shell is the outermost- occupied electron orbital energy level
which of the following describes how skeletal muscles and bones work together to stimulate movement
muscles contract and exert forces on the bone, which acts as a lever to stimulate movement
which of the following describes the correct order of stage of the cell cycle
interphase> mitosis>cytokinesis
which of the following occurs due to a hypersensitivity in the immmune system that causes a major inflammatory response to a common material
allergies
which of the following is one of the primary muscles that drives ventilation
diaphragm
white blood cells develop from stem cells located in which of the following organs
bone marrow
which of the following describes a gene in which one allele takes a different form from another
heterozygous
which of the following molecules have london dispersion forces
all atoms and molecules have london dispersion forces
which of the following are the two proteins found in muscle tissue that cause muscle contraction as they slide past one another
actin and myosin
which of the following is NOT s hormone-producing gland of the endocrine system
steroid
which of the following is the process in which pathogens are eaten or obsorbed and digested by white blood cells as part of an immune response
phagocytosis
which of the following describe the relationship between correlation and causation
correlation does not imply causation
the exchange of gases and blood happens in which of the following parts of the respiratory zones
alveoli
which of the following glands provides nourishment for sperm, as well as the majority of the fluids that combines with sperm to form semen
seminal vesicles
which of the following is the largest branch of the abdominal aorta, which supplies oxygenated blood to the upper digestive tract
celiac artery
which of the following is NOT a phase of spermatogenesis, or the final stage of sperm formation
fertilization
blood is metabolized in the liver as is passes through which of the following types of blood vessels
sinusoidal capillaries
which of the following is a heterogeneous mixture
a mixture in which the atoms or molecules are distributed unevenly
hormones can be classified into one of four basic groups based on their chemical source. which of the following groups is derived from cholesterol
steroids
which of the following is a definition of adaptation, in the context of evolution
a biological feature or behavior in a population of organisms that improves its chances for survival in the environment
which of the following is the element of blood that comprises most of its total volume
plasma
which of the following is NOT true for enzyme-catalyzed reactions
the reaction will speed up without limit as the temperature increases
which of the following is the molecule found in red blood cells that binds to up to four oxygen molecules
hemoglobin
which of the following is NOT a reason why randomization is critical in experimental designs, especially in experiments with human subjects
to give humans no choice but to participate
which of the following is the division of the nervous system primarily responsible for regulating all involuntary and subconscious muscle functions
autonomic nervous system
which of the following is an appendage of neuron that sends electrical signals away from the neuron cell
axon
which of the following is the definition of action potential in a neuron
an electrical impulse that is transported down a neuron in response to a stimulus
which of the following are the three major portions of the brain
cerebrum, cerebellum, brain stem
which of the following describes how a catalyst speeds up a reaction
a catalyst lowers the activation energy by providing an alternate route for the reaction
which of the following is the final vessel through which semen must pass before being expelled from the body
penile urethra
which of the following groups of bone are part of the axial skeleton
rib cage
which of the following types of variables is changed in a scientific experiment
independent variables
the vertebral column consists of thirty- three vertebrae and is divided into several group. which of the following describes the lumbar vertebrae
five vertebrae located in the lower back, which support most of the body’s weight
which of the hypothesis assumes no relationship between two variables
null hypothesis
which of the following describes the applicability of a research conclusion to situations outside the experiment
external validity
which of the following is NOT one of the three types of muscles found in the human body
soft
which of the following is the structure of the male reproductive system that stores spermatozoa during the maturation process
epididymis
which of the following types of hormones stimulates a chemical response to a target cell by diffusing through the cell membrane to bind to the receptors inside the cell
fat-soluble hormones
which of the following is an example of human error in an experiment
contaminating a sterile sample by breathing on it
specialized cells called osteoblast form new bone tissue through deposition of calcium in which of the following processes
ossification
