Science yearly Flashcards
What are the contact forces?
friction, buoyancy, and air-pressure
What are the two categories of forces?
Contact force, and non-contact forces
What are the non-contact forces?
Gravity, magnesium, and electrostatic.
What are balanced forces?
The forces are balanced, an even pull on each end, therefore it can’t be moving or going anywhere.
What are un-balanced forces?
The forces are unbalanced, the pull on each side are not equal, making the object move in the direction of the strongest pull.
What is friction?
The force of two objects rubbing up against each other, friction slows down or stops movement.
Why is friction good?
-allows us to walk
-allows us to sit in a chair
-drive safely
-allows us to stand
-slows down movement.
Why is friction bad?
-if pushing something heavy, friction makes it harder.
-friction causes heat
-friction is bad for car engine because we have to add oil to reduce the heat from friction.
What is static electricity?
Stationary electrical charge that builds up on the surface of a material.
What is matter made up of?
Atoms- atoms contain particles that have charges.
Does a proton have a negative or a positive charge?
A proton has a positive charge
Does an electron have a negative or a positive charge?
An electron has a negative charge.
What does magnets mean?
any material capable of attracting iron and producing a magnetic field
What is a magnetic field?
An area around a magnet that has a force that attracts objects to itself.
What is the difference of a permanent and temporary magnet?
A permanent magnet retains its magnetic properties for a long time, but a temporary magnet act like permanent ones when in a strong magnetic field.
What are the seven different forces?
- weight
- reaction (type A)
- reaction (type B)
- Thrust
- Friction
- Uplift
- Upthrust
What is the force of weight?
Gravity acting downwards on an object.
What is the force of reaction (type A)?
but gl bc idk
The force of ground holding something up
What is the force of reaction (type B)?
The force of an object pushing back up against you.
What is the force of thrust?
The force of pushing something forward.
What is the force of friction?
The force acting against any movement.
What is the force of uplift?
The force that lifts things up in air.
What is the force of upthrust?
The force of water pushing upwards.
What does ‘pull’ do?
keeps objects apart, or moves them apart
What does ‘push’ do?
keeps objects together, or moves them closer.
What does ‘twist’ do?
makes things turn.
What can forces do?
-change the shape of an object
-change or stop movement of an object
-or do both
What does a force do when it changes the motion of an object?
-make an object start moving or go faster
-make an object slow down or stop
-change the direction its moving
-change the way its spinning
-sometimes all at the same time.
What type of field does earth have?
a gravitational field
What type of field does static electricity have?
An electrical field
What type of field do magnets have?
a magnetic field
What type of field do magnets have?
a magnetic field
Is gravity a contact or non-contact force?
gravity is a non-contact force
What is gravity?
The force that attracts the earth and an object towards each other.
How do we know if something is living?
Mrs Gren
What is Mrs Gren?
Mrs Gren stands for:
Movement
Respiration
Sensitivity
Growth
Reproduction
Excretion
Nutrition
What is movement?
to change positions
What is respiration?
produces energy from food
What is sensitivity?
To detect changes in the surroundings, using the five senses.
What is growth?
to increase in size
What is reproduction?
To create new organisms
What is excretion?
Remove wastes inside the body.
What is nutrition?
the process of providing or obtaining the food necessary for health and growth.
Why do we classify?
classifying living things is important to help us organise and make sense of the diverse organisms on earth.
What are characteristics of mammals?
- have a backbone
-constant body temperature (endotherm) - Females have mammary glands that produce milk- all mammal babies feed on milk
-skin or fur
What are characteristics of birds?
- have a backbone
-skin with feathers - most can fly
- eggs with a hard shell
- a beak for feeding
- constant body temperature (endotherm)
What are characteristics of reptiles?
- have a backbone
- skin with scales
- eggs with a leathery shell
- lungs for breathing (on land)
- changing body temperature (ectotherm)
What are characteristics of amphibians?
- have a backbone
- soft moist skin without scales
- eggs with no shell, usually laid in water
- adults usually live on land and have lungs
- changing body temperature (ectotherm)
What are characteristics of fish?
- have a backbone
- only live in water
- have gills for breathing underwater
- lay eggs without a shell
- skin with scales
- have a changing body temperature (ectotherm)
What are vertebrates?
Fish, mammals, amphibians, reptiles, and birds.
What are the invertebrate’s?
to complete
What are the five plants?
- mosses
- ferns
- conifers
-grasses - flowering plants
What are classifications of mosses?
-live in damp places
- thin leaves that lose water
- no proper roots or stem
- make tiny spores
What are classifications of ferns?
- strong stems
-roots and leaves - waxy layer (cuticle) to reduce water loss)
-have tubes called xylem - release spores
What are classifications of conifers?
- many are evergreen, keeping their leaves throughout the entire year
- leaves are needle shaped
- make male and female cones
What are classifications of flowering plants?
- flowers contain reproductive organs
- flowers make seeds after fertilization
- live in dry and hot places
What are keys?
a key is a tool that allows the user to determine and identify items in the natural world.
What does dichotomous mean?
“divided into two parts”
How do dichotomous keys work?
Dichotomous keys always give two choices in each step, to finally break down a group into you get it’s proper classification.
What are classification keys also known as?
Dichotomous keys, and vice versa for classification keys.
What is an ecosytem?
a biological community of interacting organisms and their physical environment.
