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Science - Chemistry Year 8 > Science - year 8 - chemistry > Flashcards

Science - year 8 - chemistry Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 3 physical states of matter?

A

Liquids
Solids
Gases

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2
Q

What is a solid substance

A

Solids have a fixed shape and volume.

The particles in solids are packed together much closer than the particles in a gas or liquid.

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3
Q

What is a liquid?

A

Liquid is a fluid that flows.
Liquids have a fixed amount but no fixed shape.
The spaces between the particles in liquids are almost the same as in solids.

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4
Q

What are gases

A

Gas has no shape or volume.
Gases are also fluid, and can flow in any direction.
The particles of a gas spread out until they occupy all available space.

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5
Q

Example of a solid

A

Examples of solids include:

Brick
Coin
Iron bar
Banana
Rock
Sand
Glass (no, it does not flow)
Aluminum foil
Ice
Wood
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6
Q

Example of a liquid

A

Examples of liquids include:

Blood
Honey
Wine
Water
Mercury (a liquid metal)
Oil
Milk
Acetone
Alcohol
Coffee
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7
Q

Example of gases

A 
Air
Natural gas
Hydrogen
Carbon dioxide
Water vapor
Ozone
Nitrogen
Argon
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8
Q

What is solid to liquid?

A

Melting

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9
Q

What is Liquid to gas

A

Boiling

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10
Q

What is gas to liquid

A

condensing

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11
Q

What is a liquid to solid

A

Freezing

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12
Q

What is physical change?

A

Melting = a physical change but no changes to the chemical

For example ice changes state to liquid water than again to water vapour - gas

No new chemical
temporary
reversable
No new product made

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13
Q

What is a chemical change?

A

Burning = a chemical change
For example Magnesium burns with a bright white light to form a white powder.
This changes the chemical to magnesium oxide

new product is formed
difficult to reverse
new chemical made
permanent

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14
Q

Examples of chemical change

A 
Rusting
Explosion
Burning wood
Souring milk
Digesting food
Cooking an egg
Heating sugar to form caramel
Baking a cake
Rusting of iron
Burning a candle
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15
Q

Examples of a physical change

A

Melting an ice cube
Breaking a bottle
Boiling water
Shredding paper

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16
Q

Physical properties

A

Testing a substance for its physical properties doesn’t destroy the substance, or change it into anything new.

17
Q

Physical property examples

A

State at room temperature.
o Freezing, boiling or melting point.
o Appearance (colour, texture, shiny, dull, shape)
o Density (how heavy it is compared to other substances of the same size)
o How hard or brittle (easily scratched or crumbles)
o Solubility (dissolves in different liquids)
o Conductivity of heat or electricity

18
Q

Chemical properties

A

Chemical properties describe how a substance reacts with
other substances. A new substance is formed in the process,
often with very different properties.

19
Q

Chemical property examples

A

Combustion (burns or explodes in oxygen)
o Corrosion (rusting)
o pH (acid or base or neither)
o Rate of reaction (speed it reacts with other chemicals)
o Flammability (how easily a substance will burn

20
Q

What is a mixture?

A

Mixtures are substances that are formed by physically mixing two or more substances.
Mixtures can be easily separated by evaporating, dissolving or filtering

Includes:
Homogenous - Particles uniformly distributed. E.g. Salt water, cordial
Heterogeneous - Particles not uniformly distributed. E.g. Vegetable soup, chocolate chip biscuit

21
Q

What is an element?

A 
One type of atom only which can not be broken down further e.g.
Copper 
Iron 
Gold 
Hydrogen 
Oxygen
22
Q

What is a compound?

A

Two or more types of atoms, chemically joined to form a molecule. For example:

Pure water
Salt
Sugar

23
Q

What are metals?

A 
Solids at room temperature
Good electrical conductors
Flexible- ductile and malleable
Good heat conductors
Strong
Shiny
24
Q

What are non metals?

A 
Good heat insulators
Good electrical insulators
Often gases/liquids or solids that melt easily
Dull
Brittle
25
Q

Examples of non-metals

A

Oxygen
Chlorine
Glass

26
Q

Examples of metals

A 
Gold
Iron
Tin
Copper
Lead
Zinc

Science - Chemistry Year 8 (2 decks)

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