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Study Cards > Science Y9 T3 > Flashcards

Science Y9 T3 Flashcards

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1
Q

Give a brief description of a Microbe and a Pathogen. How are they the same but different?

A

Microbes are diverse living things you can see without needing a microscope. Some microbes and other microscopic agents that cause diseases are called pathogens.

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2
Q

What are different types of Pathogens?

A

There is Bacteria, Fungi and Viruses

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3
Q

What makes a disease infectious?

A

A disease is infectious when someone gets infected with the pathogen and they start to multiply

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4
Q

How are infectious diseases passed to the person?

A

Infectious diseases are spread when the pathogen enters the body from someone else. Not all infectious diseases are contagious thoughk,nl,.

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5
Q

How is an infectious disease different to a disease not caused by a pathogen?

A

infectious diseases are caused when pathogens infect the body, unlike genetic diseases, environmental factors, and lifestyle factors (smoking) which are not caused by pathogens and cannot be passed to other people. These are non-infectious diseases.

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6
Q

What does it mean for a disease to be contagious?

A

A disease that is easily passed from person to person is called an contagious disease

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7
Q

How does the First Line of Defence prevent pathogens from entering the body?

A

It uses barriers to prevent pathogens from entering the body.

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8
Q

What are some of the Physical Barriers of the First line of Defence?

A

Mucus, Skin barrier, Tears, Cillia

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9
Q

What are some of the Chemical Barriers of the First line of Defence?

A

Stomach Acid, Enzymes in tears, mucus and saliva

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10
Q

How does the Second Line of Defence respond to infection?

A

The second line of defence is the general response to infection, Fever, Inflammation, Phaglocytes

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11
Q

What is the difference between the First and the Second lines of defence?

A
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12
Q

What are Microbes?

A

Microbes are all small organisms

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13
Q

What are Pathogens?

A

Pathogens are infectious

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14
Q

What are the properties of Bacteria? (cellular/unicellular, Cells, Caused disease by)

A
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15
Q

What are the properties of Viruses? (cellular/unicellular, Cells, Caused disease by)

A
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16
Q

What are the properties of Fungi? (cellular/unicellular, Cells, Caused disease by)

A
17
Q

What are some non-infectious diseases?

A

Chronic diseases, diabetes, asthma, chloosteral, Genetic Diseaase

18
Q

What does our immune system do for us?

A
19
Q

What is cilia?

A
20
Q

What are the benefits of mucus?

A
21
Q

How does the third line of defence fight against pathogens?

A
22
Q

What does it mean to be immune to a disease?

A

The third line of defence has adapted a way of creating specific antibodies that combat the specific pathogen

23
Q

What are hormones?

A

Chemical cells released from source glands

24
Q

What roles do hormones play in our body?

A

They help retain homeostasis, by traveling through blood streams and attactch to target cells allowing them to keep homeostasis. Eg. Glucose, salt, temperature

25
Q

What are some of the main glands in the Endocrine system, and what are their targets?

A
  1. Adrenaline, Adrenal Glands - whole body
  2. Thryroxine, Thyroiod - WHole Body
  3. Thyroid simulating hormone, piturary gland - Thyroid
  4. Follical simulating hormone, pituitary - Gonads (testicles and ovaries)
26
Q

Describe what homeostasis is.

A

homeostasis is our body system’s ability to maintain a stable state when its surroundings change, such as its temperature, salt, sugar and water limits.

27
Q

Apply the concept of homeostasis to the control of blood glucose levels.

A
28
Q

What is different about the third line of defence compared to the first and the second?

A
29
Q

What are two main roles of the Third line of defence?

A
30
Q

What are the white blood cells used in the third line of defence?

A

Phagocytes, and B cells

31
Q

Define the term antibody.

A
32
Q

Explain why you can’t become immune to a pathogen that has only encountered the first two lines of defence.

A
33
Q

Why does the third line of defence develop slowly over time?

A

The thrid line of defence develops slowly overtime

34
Q

Distinguish the difference between the central and peripheral nervous systems.

A
35
Q

Identify the main features of neurons.

A

dendrites, axon terminals, nucleus, axon, Myelin sheath

36
Q

Distinguish the different types of receptors

A

Photoreceptors,

37
Q

What is the relationship between the stimulus, receptors, effectors and response of your nervous system?

A

Stimulus-response pathways

38
Q

What are some examples of our body keeping everything balanced? (homeostasis)

A

homeostaasis is our body systems ability to maintain a stable state when its surroundings change, such as temperature, salt, suger and water limits.

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