science y10s2

Question 1

The big bang theory

Answer 1

around 13.8 billion years ago the entire universe was contained in an unimaginably hot, dense point and has expanded to form today’s universe

Question 2

Evidence for big bang theory

Answer 2

Redshift

cosmic microwave background radiation

nucleosynthesis

Question 3

Redshift

Answer 3

galaxies moving away from us appear red because red has the longest wavelength of visible light so it travels the furthest. an expanding universe proves that galaxies are still in movement after the big bang

Question 4

cosmic microwave background radiation

Answer 4

microwaves can be detected everywhere in the universe as this is leftover energy from the big bang

Question 5

nucleosynthesis

Answer 5

there is an abundance of H and He in the universe as these were the initial elements formed in the big bang

Question 6

the doppler effect

Answer 6

something moving away looks or sounds different than if it is moving closer to you because of the apparent difference of frequencies.

distant galaxies appear red as they are moving away. this is called REDSHIFT

Question 7

telescope and discoveries

Answer 7

James Webb Telescope

Discoveries:

Stephan’s Quintet

Carbon dioxide on an exoplanet

Question 8

Stephan’s Quintet

Answer 8

a compact galaxy group

discovered with infrared light radiation

told us how galaxy evolution occurs

Question 9

co2 on an exoplanet

Answer 9

evidence of carbon dioxide on an exoplanet

discovered by observing the atmosphere of a planet

study of its origin and evolution taught us that planets may move across galaxies

Question 10

life cycle of low-mass star

Answer 10

nebula

low mass protostar

low mass star STABLE FUSION PERIOD

HYDROGEN USED UP

red giant

HELIUM FUSION STOPS

planetary nebula

white dwarf

black dwarf

Question 11

life cycle of high-mass star

Answer 11

nebula

high mass protostar

high mass star STABLE PERIOD

HYDROGEN USED UP

supergiant

HELIUM FUSION STOPS

supernova

black hole OR neutron star (depends on size)

Question 12

fusion processes of a low-mass star

Answer 12

STABLE PERIOD when it is a star

HYDROGEN RUNS OUT so turns to a red giant

HELIUM FUSION STOPS so planetary nebula.

Question 13

fusion processes of high mass star

Answer 13

STABLE PERIOD when it is a star

HYDROGEN RUNS OUT so turns to a
supergiant

HELIUM FUSION STOPS so supernova

Question 14

hertsprung russel diagram

Answer 14

luminosity vs temperature

look at pic and learn it!

Question 15

relationship between current, volatge and resistance

Answer 15

the current is directly proportional to voltage and inversely proportional to the resistance.

Question 16

ohms law

Answer 16

voltage = current x resistance

v   I    R

Question 17

current

Answer 17

how many electrons pass a point in a circuit in a specified time

linear relationship between current and voltage

Question 18

resistance

Answer 18

something which slows the flow of electrons (current) in a circuit

Question 19

voltage

Answer 19

the pressure applied to electrons to make them move

Question 20

series circuit

Answer 20

—x——-x———
l l
l x
l——–l i l i——–l

same current throughout

voltage divided between components

Question 21

parallel circuit

Answer 21

——-x——–
l l
——-x——–
l l
——-x——–
l l
—–l i l i——

components in separate branches

current divided between branches

each branch uses full voltage

Question 22

5 ethical frameworks

Answer 22

utilitarian approach

rights approach

fairness of justice approach

common good approach

virtue approach

Question 23

utilitarian approach

Answer 23

greatest balance of good over harm

Question 24

rights approach

Answer 24

protects ethical rights of thise affected

Question 25

fairness of justice approach

Answer 25

how fair an action is

Question 26

common good approach

Answer 26

cares for needs the community has in common

Question 27

virtue approach

Answer 27

action that show virtuous traits like courage, loyalty, or wisdom

Question 28

australia’s transition to renewable resources

points FOR

Answer 28

• no greenhouse gas emissions
• sustainable
• stop the acceleration of climate change
• coal is running out
• creates job opportunities

Question 29

australia’s transition to renewable resources

points AGAINST

Answer 29

• expensive to construct so more cost to consumers which will place pressure on low to middle incomes
• timely and difficula
• not as reliable
• employment lost from coal industry
• needs to match demand of energy grid