Science: weathering & soil (8th grade)

Question 1

Weathering rate factors of hardness is

Answer 1

harder the minerals the slower the weathering

Question 2

What is weathering?

Answer 2

the breakdown of rocks into smaller pieces (sediments)

Question 3

Physical weathering

Answer 3

cool and wet climates

Question 4

chemical weathering

Answer 4

warm and wet climates

Question 5

Physical weathering is also known as

Answer 5

mechanical weathering

Question 6

what is physical weathering

Answer 6

breakdown of rocks into sediments without changing the chemical composition

Question 7

Types of physical weathering

Answer 7

frost action, abrasion, plant action, animal action

Question 8

frost action

Answer 8

water expands when frozen cracking the rocks (must have alternating freezing and melting)

Question 9

Abrasion

Answer 9

rocks break apart because of contact with other rocks

Question 10

Plant Action

Answer 10

(exp: root wedging) The roots of plants force open the cracks in rocks

Question 11

Animal Action

Answer 11

(including humans) can also contribute to physical weathering

Question 12

Exfoliation

Answer 12

rocks that peel off in layers. (pressure release)

Question 13

When animals burrow through the ground and break up rock such as humans blasting through mountains to create railroads is an example of

Answer 13

Animal Action

Question 14

Chemical Weathering

Answer 14

rock changes it’s composition, making it crumbly & weak

Question 15

What main interactions with the atmosphere and hydrosphere contribute to chemical weathering

Answer 15

Atmosphere = air (O2, CO2) Hydrosphere = H2O

Question 16

_____ + iron = rust

Answer 16

O2

Question 17

Oxidation

Answer 17

oxygen reacts with and changes rocks

Question 18

Hydration

Answer 18

water is absorbed by a rock making it softer. The water can also dissolve the minerals in the rock

Question 19

Carbonation

Answer 19

carbonic acid dissolves rock (caves and sinkholes are formed especially when limestone is weathered chemically)

Question 20

What type of weathering is this: limestone dissolves, forming a cave

Answer 20

carbonation

Question 21

What type of weathering: is this potholes from on the roads in winter

Answer 21

frost action

Question 22

exfoliation is also called

Answer 22

pressure release

Question 23

exfoliation causes

Answer 23

sheets of rock to break off

Question 24

CO2 + H2O =

Answer 24

carbonic acid

Question 25

-water gets into the cracks -freezes and expands -repeats until rocks break

Answer 25

frost action/ice wedging

Question 26

-winds pick up sand or smaller sediments -and blows it into other rocks

Answer 26

wind abrasion

Question 27

-carbonic acid causes calcite and dolomite to bubble

Answer 27

carbonation of limestone

Question 28

running water carries sediments that hit each other

Answer 28

stream abrasion

Question 29

roots grow into rocks breaking them

Answer 29

root wedging

Question 30

-pressure release - rocks peel off in layers

Answer 30

exfoliation

Question 31

Name a weathering rate factor

Answer 31

particle size

Question 32

the smaller the particle size

Answer 32

the surface area is more exposed to weathering action

Question 33

Arid climate (Dry)

Answer 33

steep cliffs

Question 34

Humid climate (Wet)

Answer 34

rolling hills

Question 35

soil

Answer 35

is rock, minerals, and organic matter

Question 36

name two kinds of soil

Answer 36

residual soil and transported soil

Question 37

transported soil

Answer 37

soil that DOES NOT match the bedrock underneath indicating it was NOT made in the area but was moved by erosion

Question 38

Where is transported soil

Answer 38

most of New York State

Question 39

Residual soil

Answer 39

soil that matches the bedrock underneath indicating it was made in that area

Question 40

A - Horizon

Answer 40

topsoil; dark in color; rich in humus

Question 41

B - Horizon

Answer 41

sub soil; full of clays and leached minerals

Question 42

C - Horizon

Answer 42

partially weathered bedrock, very poor to no soil

Question 43

Bedrock

Answer 43

solid unbroken rock found below soil

Question 44

what is litter

Answer 44

layer of leaves

Question 45

what is humus

Answer 45

decayed organic material

Question 46

what do earth worms do for the soil

Answer 46

make soil fertile

Question 47

How rapidly weather occurs in the area depends on the

Answer 47

climate

Question 48

What is a cause that keeps chemical weathering to a minimum

Answer 48

temperatures

Question 49

Caves and sinkholes are almost always related to

Answer 49

chemical weathering of calcite, limestone, dolomite, or dolostone

Question 50

Which factor has the greatest influence on the weathering rate of the Earth's surface bedrock

Answer 50

regional climate

Question 51

At high elevations what is the most common physical climate

Answer 51

alternate freezing and melting of water

Question 52

Chemical weathering will occur most rapidly in rocks exposed to the

Answer 52

hydrosphere and atmosphere

Question 53

landscapes will undergo the most chemical weathering if the climate is

Answer 53

warm and wet

Question 54

what plant has no root

Answer 54

mosses and lichens

Question 55

picture two with poor soil will most likely have what kind of plants (1)

Answer 55

mosses and lichens

Question 56

picture three with sub soil will most likely have what kind of plants (2)

Answer 56

grasses and weeds

Question 57

picture four with top soil will most likely have what kind of plants (2)

Answer 57

trees and shrubs