SCIENCE (VOLCANO) Flashcards
Review
Large landmass on the surface of Earth’s crust
Mountain
Opening of Earth’s crust that erupts and emits smoke and magma
Volcano
Product of subduction zones
Volcano
An Earth’s body that has neither magma chamber nor crater
Mountain
It is a horseshoe-shaped of 75% belt that surrounds the Pacific Ocean with 75% of world’s active volcanoes
Pacific Ring of Fire
What are the types of volcano based on its structure and cone shape?
1)Shield volcano
2)Cinder cone volcano
3)Composite/stratovolcano
Type of volcano that erupts in a non-explosive, effusive manner
* basaltic magma, low silica content, small gas content
Shield volcano
Volcano with explosive eruptions of ash,cinder and dust
* common type of volcano
Cinder cone volcano
Volcanoes that erupts explosively with a pyroclastic flow
* High silica content, tall and symmetrical
Composite or stratovolcano
Magma will be considered ______ if it is blasted into the air and hardens.
pyroclastic material
types of pyroclastic materials
1)Volcanic bombs
2)Volcanic ash
3)Volcanic blocks
4)Lapili
Types of volcanic eruptions
1)Phreatic
2)Phreatomagmatic
3)Strombolian
4)Vulcanian
5)Plinian
Phreatic eruptions are ______ with only ephemeral ash columns
short-lived
Another name for phreatic eruption
Hydrothermal eruption
Unsafe pyroclastic flow currents is called ______.
Base surges
Difference between phreatic and phreatomagmatic eruption
Phreatic - contact of water and hot rocks
Phreatomagmatic - contact of water and magma
Very violent eruption with voluminous columns of very fine ash, high speed, and produce unsafe pyroclastic currents
Phreatomagmatic eruption
This eruption results to a cinder cone volcano.
Strombolian eruption
Characterized by lava fountains and flow
Strombolian eruption
Builds a cauliflower-shaped head eruption
Vulcanian eruption
Taal eruption is what kind?
Phreatic or phreatomagmatic eruption
Plinian eruptions is the _____ eruption type, with a towering ash cloud reaching up to _____ in height and produces extremely dangerous _______.
most powerful; 50,000 feet; pyroclastic flows
What kind of eruption that happened in 1991 Pinatubo eruption?
Plinian eruption
Factors affecting volcanic eruption’s style
1) Composition of magma/silica content
2) Magma temperature
3) Amount of dissolved gases
The higher the temperature of magma, the _____ the viscosity.
lower
The _____silica content of magma, the higher its viscosity.
higher
The higher the amount of gas of magma, the _____ its viscosity.
higher
People believed that Earth is the center of the universe.
Geocentrism
Is Earth flat?
Weh? Mama mo!
It is the study of landforms and landform evolutions.
Geomorphology
What are the primary geological forces that alters the Earth’s surface?
1) Diastrophism
2) Erosion
3) Weathering
Horizontal or vertical movement of the crust; produces mountains.
Diastrophism
Types of stress
1) Tension (ex. crust thinning, normal fault)
2) Compression(ex.folding, reverse fault)
3) Shear (ex. horizontal bending, strike-slip fault
PHYSICAL wearing down of landmass by geomorphic agent such as running water.
Erosion
Process of breaking down or dissolving of rocks and minerals
Weathering
Phenomenon relating to volcanoes, magma, geysers, and hot springs.
Volcanism
The word ‘volcano’ is derived from ______?
Vulcano Island; Vulcan of Roman God of fire
A volcano is a ______ or a ______ that connects the magma from within the Earth’s crust to the surface.
vent; chimney
It indicates that the volcano is not expected to erupt again. (more than 10,000 years old)
Extinct volcano
A volcano to be awaken in the future and erupt again. (1001-10,000 years old)
Dormant volcano
A volcano that is erupting in recent history (1-1000 years old)
Active volcano
The most striking part of volcano
Cone
opening of the volcano where lava flows or eruption takes place
vent
The main part of the volcano that supplies magma from the underlying sources to the top of the volcano.
vent
Large underground storage of liquid magma beneath the Earth’s crust.
Magma chamber
Part of the volcano that is a bowl shaped indent where the vent is located.
Crater
A volcanic depression that is larger than an original crater.
Caldera
Difference between magma and lava
Magma - BENEATH the Earth’s surface
Lava - OUTSIDE or reached the Earth’s surface
What temperature can the magma (lava upon ejection) reach until it cools and hardens?
up to 700°C
Channel that conveys the magma up to the surface.
Conduit
The side of the volcano
Flank
The highest point of the volcano or mountain
Summit
Chunks of lava rocks that can measure up to 64 mm in diameter.
Volcanic bombs
Another term for mudflows
Lahar
Fast moving currents of volcanic debris that can travel up to 700km/hr and as hot as 1000°C.
Pyroclastic flow
Three(3) things to consider in volcanic monitoring
1) Seismicity 2) Deformation
3) Gas output
_________ is rich in nutrients and very fertile in growing crops.
Volcanic soil
Type of natural energy generated from volcanoes
Geothermal energy
A geothermal system that sends water and steam into the air
Geyser or steam vent
A geothermal system that emits gases such as carbon dioxide, sulfur oxide, and hydrogen sulfide
Fumaroles or solfataras
underground naturally discharge of hot water from the earth
hot spring
Philippines, in terms of generation of geothermal energy, ranks in the world at what spot?
2nd (second)
Where is the first Philippine geothermal plant located that started operating in 1997?
Leyte
Advantages of geothermal energy
1)Eco friendly
2)High reliability
3)Flexibility
4)Minimum landscapes
5)Cost effective
6)Helps developing countries grow
Disadvantages of geothermal energy
1)Poses Environmental problems
2) Releases hydrogen sulfide
3) Disposes toxic geothermal fluids
