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Jan 2024 Final Exam > Science: Vocabulary > Flashcards

Science: Vocabulary Flashcards

1
Q

Fuel

A

A material that releases energy when it burns

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2
Q

Fossil Fuel

A

Materials that formed as ancient plants and animals decayed underground, that are burned to transfer energy

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3
Q

Coal

A

A solid fossil fuel created by chemical changes that transform plant stems and leaves over a very long period of time into hard, black substances, that are burned to transfer energy

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4
Q

Petroleum

A

Gasoline and diesel, these are liquid fossil fuels formed by the decay of ancient plants and animals over a very long period of time that, are burned to transfer energy

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5
Q

Natural gas

A

A gas fossil fuel formed by the decay of ancient plants and animals over a very long period of time, that can be burned for energy

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6
Q

Nuclear fuel

A

Unstable elements such as uranium that release energy when they break down into smaller elements

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7
Q

Uranium

A

Element #92, it is an unstable metal that is the most commonly used source of nuclear fuel used in nuclear power plants

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8
Q

Outcome

A

The result of something happening

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9
Q

Fuel

A

A substance that releases energy when it burns

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10
Q

Combustion

A

The process of burning of fuel to produce heat and light, burning

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11
Q

Turbine

A

A device that spins as gas ( or steam ) flows and changes the heat energy of the steam into kinetic energy (motion)

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12
Q

Generator

A

A device that changes kinetic energy (motion) into electrical energy

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13
Q

Battery

A

A device that stores chemical energy and converts it into electric energy

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14
Q

DC Current

A

Direct current, which is an electric current that only flows in one direction (for example, electricity that flows from a battery)

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15
Q

AC Current

A

Alternating current, which is electric current that alternates or switches directions (for example, electricity from an electric outlet)

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16
Q

Device

A

Something made for a specific purpose

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17
Q

Primary

A

The original source of energy in an object or material

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18
Q

Electric motor

A

A device that changes electrical energy into kinetic energy

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19
Q

Steam engine

A

A device that combusts fuel to boil water into steam that is used to create kinetic energy

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20
Q

Internal combustion engine

A

A device that combusts fuel to create kinetic energy

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21
Q

Emissions

A

The release of substances into the environment

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22
Q

Pollutant

A

An emission that is dangerous or harmful to the environment

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23
Q

Scrubber

A

A material that reduces the pollutants released as gases into the air

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24
Q

Greenhouse gas

A

Pollutant that increases the earth’s atmosphere’s ability to hold heat

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25
Q

Power

A

Power describes how much energy is used to work over a certain amount of time.

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26
Q

Watt

A

The metric unit of power

Power = work / time
1 Watt = 1 Joule / second
1 W = 1 J/S

27
Q

Geothermal energy

A

Energy obtained from heat beneath the earth’s surface which is very hot

28
Q

Hydropower

A

Gravitational potential energy of water that is converted into kinetic energy in rivers, and is used to generate electricity

29
Q

Biomass

A

Fuel made from plant matter and animal waste

30
Q

Solar energy

A

Energy from the sun that is converted into electrical energy

31
Q

Wind energy

A

Energy from the wind that is converted into electrical or kinetic energy

32
Q

Available

A

Able to be had

33
Q

Impact

A

The effect something has on something else

34
Q

Wave

A

A disturbance that travels in a pattern and carries energy

35
Q

Medium

A

The material or thing that waves travel through

36
Q

Amplitude

A

The greatest height of a wave in its resting position

37
Q

Wavelength

A

The distance between similar points on a wave

38
Q

Frequency

A

The number of times a wave repeats in a certain period of time

39
Q

Transverse wave

A

A wave that moves and carries energy perpendicular to the particles it travels through

40
Q

Crest

A

The top point of a transverse wave

41
Q

Trough

A

The bottom point of a transverse wave

42
Q

Longitudinal wave

A

A wave that travels in the same direction as the particles it travels through

43
Q

Compression

A

The most compressed point of a longitudinal wave

44
Q

Rarefraction

A

The most stretched point of a longitudinal wave

45
Q

Transfer

A

To relocate

A wave transfers energy through a medium, but not the medium’s particles

46
Q

Wave period

A

The time it takes for a wave to move one back and forth motion (or one cycle)

47
Q

Circular wave

A

A wave caused by a disturbance at a single point

48
Q

Plane wave

A

A wave that is made when a line of matter is disturbed

49
Q

Superposition

A

Waves moving through a medium that meet and can add together

50
Q

Appear

A

To show up

51
Q

Ray

A

A line of energy that moves in one direction until it hits an object

52
Q

Reflect

A

When a ray bounces off a surface and moves in a new direction

53
Q

Refract

A

When a ray bends after it enters a medium

54
Q

Absorb

A

When a ray does not reflect or refract but is taken in by a medium

55
Q

System

A

A group of parts that work together to complete a task

56
Q

Signal

A

A message with information that is sent in a wave

57
Q

Transmitter

A

The part of a device that sends out radio signals

58
Q

Antennae

A

The part of the device that takes in (receives) radio signals

59
Q

Receiver

A

The part of the device that changes radio signals into usable message

60
Q

Digital

A

Signals that use clear cut numbers (which are called digits) to represent data

61
Q

Analog

A

A continuous signals that sends information

62
Q

Range

A

All possibilities between two points

63
Q

Pitch

A

The frequency of a sound wave - for example, a piano’s different notes have different pitches

64
Q

Volume

A

The amplitude of a sound wave.

The larger the amplitude, the louder the sound.

Jan 2024 Final Exam (4 decks)

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