Science Vocab Part 3 Flashcards
conduction
the process by which heat or electricity is directly transmitted through a substance when there is a difference of temperature or of electrical potential between adjoining regions, without movement of the material.
convection
process by which heat is transferred by movement of a heated fluid such as air or water
radiation
energy that comes from a source and travels through space at the speed of light
alloy
a substance composed of 2 or more metals
barometer
an instrument that measures atmospheric pressure
allele
A gene variant
buoyancy
The ability of an object to float
gamete
A cell that carries the genes of both parents
inertia
The tendency of a body to remain at rest
Lysosomes
hold enzymes. Lysosomes digest food or break down the cell when it dies.
Mitochondria
are organelles that act like a digestive system, which takes in nutrients, breaks them down, and creates energy-rich molecules (ATP) for the cell
cell nucleus
acts as the brain of the cell. It contains the cell’s DNA, or the genetic information, from which proteins are made
Messenger RNA
A type of RNA found in cells. mRNA molecules carry the genetic information needed to make proteins
transcription
is the process of transcribing or making a copy of the genetic information stored in a DNA strand into a complementary strand of RNA
translation
the process by which a cell makes proteins using the genetic information carried in messenger RNA (mRNA)
natural selection
also known as ‘survival of the fittest.’ In a specific environment, traits that allow organisms to reproduce more effectively will become more common, and traits that reduce reproductive success will become less common
greenhouse gases
are gases that trap heat in the atmosphere. Sunlight can pass through them as it goes towards the earth, but greenhouse gases prevent the heat sunlight produces at Earth’s surface from leaving the atmosphere. This mean the heat stays close to Earth, increasing the planet’s temperature.
photosynthesis
is the process where plants capture sunlight to make food for themselves
respiration
s when cells break down molecules into a type of energy they can use
pH scale
is a measure of how acidic or basic a substance is. All you need to know is that a pH of below 7 is acidic, above 7 is basic, and at 7 is considered neutral.
