Science Vocab Part 3

Question 1

conduction

Answer 1

the process by which heat or electricity is directly transmitted through a substance when there is a difference of temperature or of electrical potential between adjoining regions, without movement of the material.

Question 2

convection

Answer 2

process by which heat is transferred by movement of a heated fluid such as air or water

Question 3

radiation

Answer 3

energy that comes from a source and travels through space at the speed of light

Question 4

alloy

Answer 4

a substance composed of 2 or more metals

Question 5

barometer

Answer 5

an instrument that measures atmospheric pressure

Question 6

allele

Answer 6

A gene variant

Question 7

buoyancy

Answer 7

The ability of an object to float

Question 8

gamete

Answer 8

A cell that carries the genes of both parents

Question 9

inertia

Answer 9

The tendency of a body to remain at rest

Question 10

Lysosomes

Answer 10

hold enzymes. Lysosomes digest food or break down the cell when it dies.

Question 11

Mitochondria

Answer 11

are organelles that act like a digestive system, which takes in nutrients, breaks them down, and creates energy-rich molecules (ATP) for the cell

Question 12

cell nucleus

Answer 12

acts as the brain of the cell. It contains the cell’s DNA, or the genetic information, from which proteins are made

Question 13

Messenger RNA

Answer 13

A type of RNA found in cells. mRNA molecules carry the genetic information needed to make proteins

Question 14

transcription

Answer 14

is the process of transcribing or making a copy of the genetic information stored in a DNA strand into a complementary strand of RNA

Question 15

translation

Answer 15

the process by which a cell makes proteins using the genetic information carried in messenger RNA (mRNA)

Question 16

natural selection

Answer 16

also known as ‘survival of the fittest.’ In a specific environment, traits that allow organisms to reproduce more effectively will become more common, and traits that reduce reproductive success will become less common

Question 17

greenhouse gases

Answer 17

are gases that trap heat in the atmosphere. Sunlight can pass through them as it goes towards the earth, but greenhouse gases prevent the heat sunlight produces at Earth’s surface from leaving the atmosphere. This mean the heat stays close to Earth, increasing the planet’s temperature.

Question 18

photosynthesis

Answer 18

is the process where plants capture sunlight to make food for themselves

Question 19

respiration

Answer 19

s when cells break down molecules into a type of energy they can use

Question 20

pH scale

Answer 20

is a measure of how acidic or basic a substance is. All you need to know is that a pH of below 7 is acidic, above 7 is basic, and at 7 is considered neutral.