Science Vocab and Important Criteria Flashcards
What are the properties of liquids?
- Fixed size and volume
- Able to flow
- Incompressible
- Take the shape of their container
Examples include orange juice, blood, water, honey, and milk.
What are the properties of solids?
- Fixed shape
- Fixed size and volume
- Cannot be compressed
- Usually sink in liquids of the same material
Examples include books, chargers, desks, pencils, and laptops.
What are the properties of gases?
- Often colorless, odorless, and invisible
- Spread out to take the shape of their container
- No fixed shape or volume
- Can be compressed
Examples include water vapor, gas, and oxygen.
What is melting?
The process which causes heat to turn solid into a liquid
Melting is one of the changes of state.
What is evaporation?
The process in which a liquid changes into a gas
Also known as vaporization.
What are the three states of matter?
Solid, Liquid, Gas
These are the fundamental states of matter characterized by distinct properties.
What is freezing?
The process when liquid turns into a solid
Freezing is a change of state that occurs when temperature drops.
What is condensation?
The process when gas turns into a liquid
Condensation is a crucial change of state that often occurs when cooling.
What is a pure substance?
A pure substance is a substance that is only made out of 1 material.
Examples include elements from the periodic table, such as Gold, Boron, Carbon, Zinc, Helium, and compounds like pure water or refined sugar.
What is a mixture?
A mixture is a substance made from two or more pure substances that have been stirred together and can be separated to recover the original substances.
Examples include Blood, Salt water, Air, Orange juice with pulp, paint, or soft drink.
What are examples of pure substances?
- Gold
- Boron
- Carbon
- Zinc
- Helium
- Pure water
- Refined sugar
These are all individual materials with distinct properties.
What are examples of mixtures?
- Blood
- Salt water
- Air
- Orange juice with pulp
- Paint
- Soft drink
Mixtures consist of two or more substances combined but not chemically bonded.
What is the difference between pure substances and mixtures?
Pure substances only have 1 substance, whereas mixtures have 2 or more substances.
This fundamental difference affects their properties and how they can be separated.
What is a solution?
A solution is formed when a substance dissolves in another, creating a clear mixture.
Examples include sugar dissolved in water and salt dissolved in water.
What is solubility?
Solubility is the ability of a solvent to dissolve in a solute to form a solution.
This property varies among different solutes and solvents.
Fill in the blank: A _______ is formed when a substance dissolves in another, creating a clear mixture.
[solution]
True or False: A mixture can be separated into its original substances.
True
This is a defining characteristic of mixtures.
Fill in the blank: The ability of a solvent to dissolve in a solute is known as _______.
[solubility]
What is picking in separation techniques?
Picking is just handpicking out the mixture.
Picking is often used for separating larger, visible components from a mixture.
Define winnowing.
Winnowing is where you toss the mixture into the air, allowing the heavy component to fall while the light component is swept away by the wind.
This technique is commonly used in agriculture to separate grains from chaff.
What is decantation?
Decantation is separation by pouring off the liquid from a mixture of solid in liquid or liquid in liquid.
This method is useful for separating heavier solids that settle at the bottom.
How does sieving work?
Sieving works by letting smaller solid particles get through while the larger ones cannot.
An example is sieving gold from dirt.
What is filtration?
Filtration is separation of solids or liquids from a liquid or gas using a barrier with holes smaller than the particles being separated.
This method is commonly used in water purification.
What is magnetic separation?
Magnetic separation involves attracting iron and other magnetic materials while non-magnetic items are not attracted.
This technique is often used in recycling processes.
