Science Vocab

Question 1

The proposed scientific explanation for a set of observations

Answer 1

Hypothesis

Question 2

Ideas that have been supported over time

Answer 2

Theory

Question 3

Observed factor that may change in response to the other variable (outcome)

Answer 3

Dependent Variable

Question 4

The factor that is purposely changed in an experiment

Answer 4

Independent Variable

Question 5

A group of subjects, closely resembling the experiment group but not receiving the factor under study, which serves as a comparison to the experimental group

Answer 5

Control Group

Question 6

A group of subjects which receive the factor under study

Answer 6

Experimental Group

Question 7

The smallest unit of an organism that can be considered to be alive

Answer 7

Cell

Question 8

Any physical or chemical input that is sensed

Answer 8

Stimulus

Question 9

The process by which organisms keep their internal body conditions fairly constant to survive

Answer 9

Homeostasis

Question 10

A change in a kind of organism of time

Answer 10

Evolution

Question 11

The basic unit of matter

Answer 11

Atom

Question 12

The positively charged particle found in the nucleus of an atom

Answer 12

Proton

Question 13

The negatively charged particle found outside the nucleus of an atom

Answer 13

Electron

Question 14

A pure substance that consists entirely of one type of atom

Answer 14

Element

Question 15

A group of atoms bonded together forming the smallest fundamental unit of different chemical substances

Answer 15

Molecule

Question 16

Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons

Answer 16

Isotopes

Question 17

An attraction between two or more atoms resulting in the formation of different chemical substances

Answer 17

Chemical Bonding

Question 18

Changes in chemical substances involving bond breaking and/or bond forming resulting in different chemical substances

Answer 18

Chemical Reaction

Question 19

A positively or negatively charged atom

Answer 19

Ion

Question 20

The particle with no charged particle found in the nucleus of an atom

Answer 20

Neutron

Question 21

Formed when one or more electrons are transferred form one atom to another

Answer 21

Ionic Bond

Question 22

Forms when electrons are shared between atoms

Answer 22

Covalent Bond

Question 23

The electrons in the outer shell or energy level that are available for bonding

Answer 23

Valence Electrons

Question 24

The measure of acidity or alkalinity of a solution

Answer 24

pH

Question 25

A substance that dissolves in water to release a hydrogen ion (H+)

Answer 25

Acid

Question 26

A substance that dissolves in water to release a hydroxide ion (OH-)

Answer 26

Base

Question 27

The nucleic acid that contains all genetic information for a cell

Answer 27

DNA

Question 28

The shape of DNA that resembles a spiral staircase or a twisted ladder

Answer 28

Double Helix

Question 29

The building block of living organisms that passes genetic information from one generation to the next

Answer 29

Nucleic Acid

Question 30

A monomer of nucleic acid; consisting of sugar, phosphate, and a nitrogen base

Answer 30

Nucleotide

Question 31

The molecule that is the major source of energy for an organism

Answer 31

Carbohydrates

Question 32

The monomer of carbohydrates

Answer 32

Glucose (sugar)

Question 33

The molecule needed for growth and repair

Answer 33

Protein

Question 34

The monomer of protein

Answer 34

Amino Acid

Question 35

A protein that speeds up biological reactions

Answer 35

Enzyme

Question 36

A set of chemical reactions in the cells of living organisms to sustain life

Answer 36

Metabolism

Question 37

The molecule that stores the energy and is the main structure of cell membranes

Answer 37

Lipid

Question 38

The substance in which the solute is dissolved in a solution

Answer 38

Solvent

Question 39

The substance that is dissolved in a solution

Answer 39

Solute

Question 40

A cell that contains a nucleus

Answer 40

Eukaryotic

Question 41

A cell that does not contain a nucleus

Answer 41

Prokaryotic

Question 42

Subcellular structures (cell parts)

Answer 42

Organelle

Question 43

A cell organelle that makes protein

Answer 43

Ribosomes

Question 44

A cell organelle that converts food into cell energy

Answer 44

Mitochondria

Question 45

Cell structure that controls what enters and leaves the cell

Answer 45

Cell Membrane

Question 46

A property of biological membranes that allows some substances to pass across, while others cannot

Answer 46

Selectively Permeable

Question 47

Cell structure found outside the cell membrane in plants, algae, fungi, and some bacteria that provides support and protection

Answer 47

Cell Wall

Question 48

The organelle found in some organisms that carries out photosynthesis

Answer 48

Chloroplast

Question 49

The fluid portion of a cell's interior

Answer 49

Cytoplast

Question 50

The organelle that controls the cell by producing proteins and contains all genetic material

Answer 50

Nucleus

Question 51

The organelle that is used to store materials

Answer 51

Vacuole

Question 52

The movement of materials into, out of, or within of a cell

Answer 52

Cellular Transport

Question 53

Type of cell transport that does not require energy (e.g Diffusion and Osmosis)

Answer 53

Passive Transport

Question 54

The movement of particles move from an higher concentration to an area of lower concentration through a selectively permeable membrane

Answer 54

Diffusion

Question 55

The diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane

Answer 55

Osmosis

Question 56

Type of cell transport that does not require energy

Answer 56

Active Transport

Question 57

The process that releases energy by breaking down glucose in the presence of oxygen

Answer 57

Cellular Respiration

Question 58

The process by which plants and some organisms use light energy to convert water and carbon dioxide into oxygen and glucose

Answer 58

Photosynthesis

Question 59

The process of making proteins

Answer 59

Protein Synthesis

Question 60

The process by which a cell divides into two new daughter cells

Answer 60

Cell Division

Question 61

The process by which the nucleus is divided into two identical nuclei

Answer 61

Mitosis

Question 62

The scientific study of heredity

Answer 62

Genetics

Question 63

The tendency of individual genetic characteristics in a population to differ from one another

Answer 63

Genetics

Question 64

The chemical factor that determines a trait

Answer 64

Gene

Question 65

Any change in DNA

Answer 65

Mutation

Question 66

The alternate forms of a gene

Answer 66

Alleles