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science > Science Vocab 4th and 5th grade > Flashcards

Science Vocab 4th and 5th grade Flashcards

1
Q

photosynthesis

A

how plants trap energy and then convert it to food

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2
Q

plant parts

A

roots, stems, leaves, flower

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3
Q

leaves

A

how plants capture light for photosynthesis

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4
Q

roots

A

anchor plant and take in water and nutrients

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5
Q

flower

A

for reproduction

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6
Q

stem

A

for support and movement of water and nutrients

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7
Q

how do populations thrive?

A

by members being able to reproduce (create offpsring)

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8
Q

how do most plants reproduce?

A

by seeds

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9
Q

what is pollination

A

the process by which pollen is transferred from the stamen to the pistil (by animal, wind, or water)

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10
Q

what attracts pollinators?

A

scents and colors

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11
Q

ecosystem

A

an area where living and nonliving things interact

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12
Q

nonliving factors of an ecosystem

A

sunlight, water, nutrients, soil, and air

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13
Q

food chain

A

a single line of food (example, grass, rabbit, bird, wolf)

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14
Q

food web

A

an ecosystem’s interactions with each other

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15
Q

Where is the greatest amount of energy in an ecosystem?

A

producers

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16
Q

how does the sun’s energy cycle?

A

producers through consumers through decomposers

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17
Q

community

A

the population of species that live in the same place at the same time together

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18
Q

habitat

A

place where an animal or plant naturally lives

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19
Q

what does a habitat have?

A

provides food, water, shelter, and space

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20
Q

niche

A

the function or role that an organism performs in the food web of that community

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21
Q

thermal energy

A

energy transfers from the sun and impacts air movement and weather conditions

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22
Q

What determines an area’s climate?

A

The average data from the last 30 years

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23
Q

what do we use to describe weather?

A

temperature, atmospheric pressure, wind speed, precipitation, and cloudiness

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24
Q

cumulus

A

clouds that are fluffy and white with flat bottoms, indicate fair weather

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25
Q

cumulonimbus

A

clouds may produce thunderstorms

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26
Q

stratus

A

smooth, gray clouds that cover the whole sky (block direct sunlight), light rain and drizzle may occur

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27
Q

cirrus

A

feathery clouds, associated with fair weather, snow or rain may come

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28
Q

high pressure air masses

A

clear sky, light winds

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29
Q

low pressure air masses

A

stormy weather and strong winds

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30
Q

atmosphere

A

dynamic system and changes in conditions

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31
Q

thunderstorm

A

typically between 30 minutes to 1 hour, heavy rain, lightning also precedes thunder

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32
Q

hurricanes

A

occur over warm, tropical weather, and have winds equal to or greater than 74 miles per hour

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33
Q

tornados

A

most form from thunderstorms as the wind changes direction and the air begins to rotate.

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34
Q

weather

A

day-to-day state of the atmosphere for a given area

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35
Q

climate

A

weather of a given area averaged over an extended period of time.

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36
Q

Solar system

A

is made up of eight planets, Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune.

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37
Q

terrestrial planets

A

Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars

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38
Q

gas giants

A

Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune

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39
Q

Ways earth moves

A

rotation, revolution, tilt

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40
Q

tilt

A

The earth is on a tilt, which means it is always at an angle

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41
Q

rotation

A

a turn in place

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42
Q

revolution

A

a circle around something (the Earth revolves around the Sun)

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43
Q

moon phases

A

new, first quarter, full, last quarter

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44
Q

What causes the phases of the moon?

A

the reflection of sunlight off of the moon’s surfaces

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45
Q

phases of the moon control what?

A

tides

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46
Q

high tide occurs

A

at new moon and full moons

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47
Q

sun

A

is a star, about 4.6 billon years old, and is 110 times the diameter of the Earth

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48
Q

Ocean floor is made up of:

A

continental slope, continental shelf, continental rise, abyssal planes, and ocean trenches

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49
Q

the ocean floor is covered in

A

thick layers of sediment

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50
Q

ocean water is made up of

A

mixture of gases, water, and dissolved solids

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51
Q

salinity

A

measure of salt dissolved in water

52
Q

ocean current

A

caused by wind patterns and the differences in water due to temperature differences

53
Q

an example of an ocean current is

A

the gulf stream

54
Q

plants and floating organisms are

A

producers in the ocean food chain

55
Q

organisms in the ocean are grouped by

A

floating organisms, swimming organisms, or non-moving organisms

56
Q

watershed

A

an area of land over which surface water flows to a single collection place

57
Q

Our watershed is

A

the Chesapeake Bay Watershed

58
Q

Other major watersheds

A

Gulf of Mexico and the North Carolina sound

59
Q

natural resources

A

necessary or useful to humans, comes from nature

60
Q

Virginia’s natural resources

A

minerals, plants, animals, water, soil, and land

61
Q

Virginia’s Water resources

A

lakes, rivers, bays, and the Atlantic Ocean

62
Q

Plant resources

A

plants hold soil in place (reduce erosion and improve water quality), provide shelter, habitats, and oxygen

63
Q

animal resources

A

provide food, fiber, and leather

64
Q

minerals, ores, and rocks

A

natural resources that have a specific purpose

65
Q

energy

A

the ability to cause change and that change can take multiple forms

66
Q

energy forms

A

motion (mechanical), light (radiant), sound, electrical and magnetic fields, and thermal energy (heat)

67
Q

law of energy

A

energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed from one form to another

68
Q

work

A

defined as a force acting upon an object, causing the object to move in the direction of the force

69
Q

energy is moved from place to place by

A

moving objects, through sound, light, or electric currents

70
Q

kinetic energy

A

moving objects

71
Q

motion of an object is described by

A

its direction and speed

72
Q

speed

A

how fast an object is moving

73
Q

force

A

any push or pull that causes an object to move, stop, or change speed or direction

74
Q

simple circuit has

A

bulb, battery, and wire

75
Q

a closed circuit

A

allows electricity to flow within the circuit

76
Q

opening a circuit

A

means electricity will not flow

77
Q

conductors

A

allow electricity to flow through them

78
Q

examples of conductors

A

metals

79
Q

insulators

A

do not allow electricity to move through them

80
Q

examples of insulators

A

rubber, wood, and plastics

81
Q

static electricity

A

transfer of negatively charged particles

82
Q

what creates a magnetic field?

A

a current flowing through a wire

83
Q

simple electromagnet is made by

A

wrapping a wire around iron-bearing metal (like a nail) and creating a closed circuit

84
Q

the strength of an electromagnet is affected by

A

the number of coils

85
Q

sound is produced

A

as waves cause vibrations as they travel through matter

86
Q

sound is a type of

A

mechanical energy and is transmitted by vibrations

87
Q

sound must travel

A

through mediums (solids, liquids, and gases)

88
Q

pitch

A

determined by the speed of the vibration

89
Q

high pitch

A

faster vibration

90
Q

low pitch

A

slower vibration

91
Q

sounds travels faster through

A

solids

92
Q

sound travels slowest through

A

gases

93
Q

radiant energy

A

light

94
Q

radiant energy that can be seen

A

visible light

95
Q

light travels in

A

transverse waves

96
Q

wavelength

A

distance between two corresponding points on successive waves (crest to crest or trough to trough)

97
Q

frequency

A

number of waves passing a given point in a designated time

98
Q

visible spectrum

A

red, orange, yellow, green, blue, violet

99
Q

light travels in

A

a straight path unless it hits an object where it is reflected, refracted, transmitted

100
Q

refraction

A

bending of light

101
Q

refract

A

when light hits a prism and light is seperated (why you can see a rainbow)

102
Q

transparent

A

can see through completely

103
Q

translucent

A

can see through somewhat (like wax paper)

104
Q

opaque

A

cannot see through

105
Q

matter

A

anything that has mass and takes up space

106
Q

mass

A

amount of matter in an object

107
Q

weight

A

how much something weighs

108
Q

matter is made up of

A

atoms that you cannot see

109
Q

mixture

A

two or more substances are combined

110
Q

solutions

A

a type of mixture where you cannot separate it (ex: sugar water, salt water, and soda)

111
Q

earth’s layers

A

crust, mantle, outer core, inner core

112
Q

convergent boundaries

A

plates move toward each other

113
Q

divergent boundaries

A

plates move apart from each other

114
Q

transform boundaries

A

plates slip past each other

115
Q

plate tectonics

A

plates on earth’s crust that move slowly, driven by thermal energy

116
Q

types of rocks

A

sedimentary, igneous, metamorphic

117
Q

sedimentary

A

layers of sediment cemented together

118
Q

igneous

A

rock that has melted and cooled

119
Q

metamorphic

A

changed by heat and pressure

120
Q

weathering

A

rock and other material that is broken down by chemicals or weather

121
Q

erosion

A

materials moved by water and win

122
Q

deposition

A

materials moved to new location as sediment

123
Q

non-renewable energy sources

A

natural resources that cannot be replaced

124
Q

examples of non-renewable energy sources

A

fossil fuels and natural gas

125
Q

renewable energy sources

A

resources that are replaced naturally and can be used again

126
Q

examples of renewable energy sources

A

wind, water, and sunlight

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