Science - Up and Atom Criterion A

Question 1

What are atoms?

Answer 1

The smallest unit of an element has a central nucleus and is surrounded by electrons

Question 2

Charge of Protons

Answer 2

Postive

Question 3

Charge of Neutrons

Answer 3

No charge

Question 4

Charge of Electrons

Answer 4

Negative

Question 5

What does Atomic number mean?

Answer 5

The number protons.

Question 6

What does the atomic mass mean?

Answer 6

The mass of protons and neutrons

Question 7

How to calculate amount of neutrons?

Answer 7

Atomic mass - Atomic number

Question 8

How do you write the element in short form?

Answer 8

Symbol in the middle, atomic mass on the upper left, and then atomic number at the bottom left.

Question 9

What is the particle theory of matter?

Answer 9

All matter is composed of small particles
Particles are in constant motion
Particles are attracted to one another
Temperature affects the speed of particles.

Question 10

Write the Atomic number, atomic mass and number of protons and neutrons of Oxygen

Answer 10

Atomic number: 8
Atomic mass: 15
# of Protons: 8
# of Neutrons: 8
# of electrons: 8

Question 11

What is a compound?

Answer 11

Substance that has two or more elemetns bound together.

Question 12

What is an element?

Answer 12

Element is one atom and thus cannot be separated into more elements.

Question 13

How many valence electrons are in each layer?
1st layer:
2nd layer:
3rd layer:

Answer 13

1st layer: 2
2nd layer: 8
3rd layer: 8

Question 14

What is the Lewis dot diagram?

Answer 14

The Lewis dot diagram is where the symbol of the element is placed inside the center of the diagram. The dots on the outside represent the amount of valence electron. (Draw clockwise and not in pairs.)

Question 15

What is the Neils-Bohr diagram?

Answer 15

The number of protons and neutrons is drawn in the center of the diagram. All electrons are drawn around the protons and neutrons. (Draw in pairs, with 2, 8, and 8 in mind.)

Question 16

What is a valence electron?

Answer 16

A valence electron is the electron on the outermost shell of the element.

Question 17

What does it mean for a element to be reactive?

Answer 17

1. An incomplete valence electron level
2. All atoms want to have 8 electrons in their outermost shell (Octet rule)
3. Atoms bond until this level is complete. Atoms with few valence electrons lose them 4. during bonding.
4. Atoms with 6, 7, or 8 valence electrons gain electrons during bonding.

Question 18

What is general rule for going from left to right on the periodic table?

Answer 18

As you go from left to right to bottom, the energy levels (shell) increase by 1. This means it has more energy and is more reactive. For example, helium is less reactive than argon.

Question 19

General Rule 2:

Answer 19

The higher energy levels an element has, the more reactive it is.

Question 20

What are the properties of metal?

Answer 20

Metals are shiny, malleable, ductile, good conductors of heat and electricity and is reactive in water.

Question 21

What are the properties of non-metals?

Answer 21

Non-metals are bad conductors of heat and electricity; they are not ductile or malleable and are dull. Most likely a gas.

Question 22

What are the properties of metalliods?

Answer 22

between metals and non-metals.