Science Unit 3 (genetics) Flashcards
the passing of genetic material from parent to offspring
heredity
one set of instructions for an inherited trait
genes
one of the alternative forms of a gene that governs a characteristic, such as hair color
allele
the entire genetic makeup of an organism; also the combination of genes for one or more specific traits
genotype
an organism’s appearance or other detectable characteristic
phenotype
a condition in which two alleles are expressed such that the phenotype of a heterozygous inividuals is an intermediate of the phenotypes of the two homzygous parents
incomplete dominance
in genetics, describes an allele that is fully exspressed whenever the allele is present in an individual
dominant
desribes an allele that will be masked unless the organism is homozygous for the trait
recessive
a condition in which two alleles are exspressed such that the phenotype of a heterozygous individual is an combination of the phenotype of the two homozygous parents
codominance
the likelyhood that a possible future event will occur in any given instance of the event
probability
a comparison of two numbers using division
ratio
a diagram that shows the occurance of a genetic trait in several generations of a family
pedigree
deoxyribonucleic acid, a molecule that is present in all living cells and that contains the information that determines the traits that a living thing inherits and needs to survive
DNA
a change in the nucleotide base sequence of a gene or DNA molecule
mutation
in a necleic-acid chain, a subunit that consits of a sugar,a phosphate, and nitrogenous base
nucleotide
ribonucleic acid, a molecule that is present in all living cells and that plays a role in protein production
RNA
the duplication of a DNA molecule
replication
a _________ gene pair consists of two dominant alleles or two recessive alleles
homozygous
a ____________ gene pair that consists of a dominant allele and a recessive allele
heterozygous
another word for heterozygous
hybrid
another word for homozygous
purebred
the structure DNA is a twisted ladder shape is called a…
double helix
make up the building blocks of DNA and RNA: cytosine, thymine, guanine, and adenine
nitrogen bases
_____ are physical characteristics of an organism that are passed down from one generation to the next
trait
