Science Unit 1

Question 0

What does ‘species’ mean?

Answer 0

• Capable of breeding together to produce fertile offspring
• Offspring of two different species are called hybrids & infertile

( •not all hybrids are sterile- many plant hybrids are fertile
•Some organisms produce asexually )

Question 1

How are organisms classified into groups according to the characteristics they have in common?

Answer 1

Kingdoms:
•Animalia (multicellular, no cell wall or chlorophyll, find food from environment)

• Plantae (multicellular, have chlorophyll & cell wall, make food through photosynthesis)
• Fungi (multicellular, no chlorophyll, cell wall, feed on dead organic matter)
• Protoctista (uni cellular EXCEPT SEAWEED, distinct nucleus)
• Prokaryotes (unicellular, no distinct nucleus)

Question 2

How to use a key to identify species?

Answer 2

• Descriptions in a key come as opposite statements

* Choosing one statement that fits the species will lead you to the next

Question 3

Who was the first to explain natural selection?

Answer 3

Charles Darwin and Alfred Wallace

Question 4

Verification can be caused by..?

Answer 4

Genes

Environment

Question 5

Genetic disorders can be caused by..?

Answer 5

Changes in genes (mutations)

Question 6

The cells nucleus contains __________ on which _______ are located, and I understand how forms of genes called _____ lead to differences in inherited _________

Answer 6

• Chromosomes
• Genes
• Alleles
• Characteristics

Question 7

What does homeostasis mean?

Answer 7

Maintenance of a stable internal environment.

Eg, keeping the right body temperature and amount of water in the body.

Question 8

What does the central nervous system consist of?

Answer 8

Brain, spinal cord.

Nervous responses can be voluntary or involuntary.

Question 9

Where are hormones produced?

Answer 9

Endocrine glands and transported to the blood to their target organs.

Question 10

What does lack of insulin cause?

Answer 10

Diabetes Type 1

Question 11

What does resistance to insulin cause?

Answer 11

Diabetes Type 2

Question 12

Plants use hormones to…?

Answer 12

Respond to stimuli such as light and gravity

Question 13

What is a drug?

Answer 13

A drug is a substance from outside the body that affects the central nervous system and brings about changes in the body that can lead to addiction

Question 14

How do stimulants affect the brain?

Answer 14

Including caffeine increase the speed of our reactions

Question 15

How do depressants affects the brain?

Answer 15

Depressants, such as alcohol slow the activity of the brain and reaction times

Question 16

How do painkillers affect the brain?

Answer 16

Painkillers, such as morphine, Deaden pain or affect the way we think about it

Question 17

How do hallucinogens affect the brain ?

Answer 17

Hallucinogens, like cannabis, LSD and solvents, produce sensations of false reality called hallucinations.

Question 18

What are the effects of some chemicals in cigarettes?

Answer 18

Positive correlation was found between the number of cigarettes someone smoked and the risk of dying from bronchiolitis and lung cancer

Question 19

Harmful effects of alcohol abuse?

Answer 19

Can cause liver disease and brain damage heart disease cancer and raised BP

Question 20

What are infectious diseases caused by?

Answer 20

Pathogens, Including those in animal vectors

Question 21

What can help to prevent the spread of infection?

Answer 21

Antiseptics

Question 22

How is energy transferred ?

Answer 22

Along food chains and between trophic levels

Question 23

Sources of pollution?

Answer 23

Sulphur dioxide, nitrates and phosphates

Question 24

What do decomposes do?

Answer 24

Recycle dead organic matter