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year 9 revision > science transition test revision (biology) > Flashcards

science transition test revision (biology) Flashcards

1
Q

define nucleus

DNA, Inheritance and Variation

A

the nucleus controls what happens in the cell

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2
Q

define DNA

DNA, Inheritance and Variation

A

deoxyribonucleic acid.
the material inside the nucleus of cells, carrying the genetic information

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3
Q

define double helix

DNA, Inheritance and Variation

A

the shape of DNA molecules with two strands twisted in a spiral

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4
Q

define base pair

DNA, Inheritance and Variation

A

the pair of bases that connect the strands of DNA

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5
Q

define bond

DNA, Inheritance and Variation

A

the chemical link that holds molecules together

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6
Q

define gene

DNA, Inheritance and Variation

A

the basic unit of genetic material inherited from our parents

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7
Q

define heredity

DNA, Inheritance and Variation

A

genetic information that determines an organism’s characteristics, passed down from one generation to another

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8
Q

define variation

DNA, Inheritance and Variation

A

differences between individuals

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9
Q

define continuous variation

DNA, Inheritance and Variation

A

variation that can be in a range

e.g. hand span, arm span

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10
Q

define discontinuous variation

DNA, Inheritance and Variation

A

differences between individuals in a characteristic that can only be put into different categories

e.g. eye colour, blood type

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11
Q

define environmental variation

DNA, Inheritance and Variation

A

differences between individuals of a species due to factors in their surroundings

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12
Q

give four examples of inherited variation

DNA, Inheritance and Variation

A
  • rolling tongue
  • hair colour
  • height
  • eye colour
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13
Q

give four examples of environmental variation

DNA, Inheritance and Variation

A
  • tattoos
  • language
  • religion
  • weight
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14
Q

give three examples of continuous variation

DNA, Inheritance and Variation

A
  • height
  • weight
  • arm span
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15
Q

give three examples of discontinuous variation

DNA, Inheritance and Variation

A
  • eye colour
  • hair colour
  • blood group
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16
Q

define sperm cell

Reproduction

A

the male sex cell (gamete)

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16
Q

define egg cell

Reproduction

A

the female sex cell (gamete)

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17
Q

define ovary

Reproduction

A

the female reproductive organ that releases egg cells

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18
Q

define fertilisation

Reproduction

A

the fusing of the male and female sex cells

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18
Q

define placenta

Reproduction

A

the organ that allows substances to pass between the mother’s blood and the baby’s blood

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19
Q

define testes

Reproduction

A

the male reproductive organ that releases sperm cells

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19
Q

define gestation

Reproduction

A

the period between fertilisation and birth, also known as pregnancy

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20
Q

define embryo

Reproduction

A

tiny new human life which grows by cell division from a fertilised egg cell

20
Q

define fetus

Reproduction

A

the unborn baby after around 8 weeks of pregnancy

21
Q

define amniotic fluid

Reproduction

A

a fluid which surrounds the fetus and helps protect it

21
Q

define sexual reproduction

Reproduction

A

producing new organisms by the joining of two sex cells

21
Q

define menstruation

Reproduction

A

when the lining of the uterus breaks down every month if the egg isn’t fertilised. also known as a period

21
Q

define asexual reproduction

Reproduction

A

producing new organisms from only one parent

22
Q

define cell

Cells

A

basic unit of life

unicellular - only one cell
multicellular - many cells

23
Q

define cell membrane

Cells

A

controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell

23
Q

define cytoplasm

Cells

A

jelly-like substance where chemical reactions take place

24
Q

define nucleus

Cells

A

it carries genetic information and controls the cell

24
Q

define mitochrondia

Cells

A

where respirations take place

25
Q

define cell wall

Cells

A

made of cellulose, provides support to the cell

25
Q

define vacuole

Cells

A

it contains cell sap

26
Q

define chloroplasts

Cells

A

it contains the green pigment chlorophyll, the site of photosynthesis

26
Q

define organ

Cells

A

something made from different groups of specialised cells all working together

27
Q

define tissue

Cells

A

something made from just one type of specialised cell

28
Q

define organ system

Cells

A

when a number of organs work together

29
Q

define synovial joint

Cells

A

a freely moveable joint

30
Q

define photosynthesis

Photosynthesis

A

process carried out where plants make their own food

carbon dioxide + water –≥ glucose + oxygen

31
Q

define chlorophyll

Photosynthesis

A

green pigment in chloroplasts of plant cells - it enables photosynthesis to take place

32
Q

define chloroplasts

Photosynthesis

A

contains the green pigment chlorophyll - is the site of photosynthesis

33
Q

define waxy cuticle

Photosynthesis

A

waxy layer, prevents water loss

34
Q

define upper epidemis

Photosynthesis

A

is thin and transparent to allow light to pass through

35
Q

define palisade mesophyll

Photosynthesis

A

main region of photosynthesis; lots of palisade cells containing chloroplasts

36
Q

define spongy mesophyll

Photosynthesis

A

cells are loosely packed; contains air spaces between cells allowing gas exchange

37
Q

define stomata

Photosynthesis

A

each stomata is surrounded by guard cells, which control whether they’re open or closed

37
Q

define lower epidemis

Photosynthesis

A

contains stomata to regulate the loss of water vapour

38
Q

define petals

Photosynthesis

A

they’re brightly coloured to attract insects

39
Q

define stamen

Photosynthesis

A

the male part of a flower

40
Q

define stigma

Photosynthesis

A

the top of the female part of a flower which attracts pollen

41
Q

define anthers

Photosynthesis

A

produces male sex cells

42
Q

define ovary

Photosynthesis

A

produces female sex cells

43
Q

define nectary

Photosynthesis

A

produces a sugary solution called nectar, which attracts insects

year 9 revision (3 decks)

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