science topic 9

Question 1

ATP

Answer 1

compound used by cells to store and release energy

Question 2

photosynthesis

Answer 2

process used by plants and other autotrophs to capture light energy and use it to power chemical reactions that convert carbon dioxide and water into oxygen and energy-rich carbohydrates such as sugars and starches

Question 3

pigment

Answer 3

light-absorbing molecules used by plants to gather the sun’s energy

Question 4

chlorophyll

Answer 4

principal pigment of plants and other photosynthetic organisms

Question 5

thylakoid

Answer 5

saclike photosynthetic membranes found in chloroplasts

Question 6

stroma

Answer 6

fluid portion of the chloroplast; outside of the thylakoids

Question 7

NADP+

Answer 7

(nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) carrier molecule that transfers high-energy electrons from chlorophyll to other molecules

Question 8

light dependent reactions

Answer 8

set of reactions in photosynthesis that use energy from light to produce ATP and NADPH

Question 9

light independent reactions

Answer 9

set of reactions in photosynthesis that do not require light; energy from ATP and NADPH is used to build high-energy compounds such as sugar; also called the Calvin cycle

Question 10

photosystem

Answer 10

cluster of chlorophyll and proteins found in thylakoids

Question 11

electron transport chain

Answer 11

series of electron carrier proteins that shuttle high-energy electrons during ATP-generating reactions

Question 12

ATP synthase

Answer 12

cluster of proteins that span the thylakoid membrane and allow hydrogen ions (H+) to pass through it

Question 13

calvin cycle

Answer 13

the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis in which energy from ATP and NADPH is used to build high-energy compounds such as sugar