Science The Human Body Flashcards
The Human Body
Define the Circulatory System
The circulatory carries oxygen, nutrients and hormones to cells and removes waste product like carbon dioxide.
State the three components of the circulatory system
Blood, Heart and Blood Vessels
Explain the Structure and function of the blood
Red Blood cells- Transport oxygen to cells and remove carbon dioxide out of the body at the lungs.
White Blood cells- Defend the body against pathogens. (diseases)
Platelets- causes clotting of the blood which stops bleeding from occurring.
Plasma- The liquid thats in blood.
Explain the structure and function of blood vessals
Arteries- Transport blood away from the heart.
Capillaries- Blood vessels that are small, thinned wall that allows the exchange of oxygen.
Veins- Carries blood to the heart.
Label a heart digram and explain
The left ventricle of a heart has a thicker wall because it pumps blood at a higher pressure.
Heart valves open and close to control blood flow, preventing back flow when closed and directing blood when open.
Aorta, pulmonary artery, pulmonary vein, vena cava, left atrium, right atrium, left ventricle, right ventricle and septum.
The adaptations of red blood cells and how they increase the rate of oxygen transport
1) Red Blood cells have Hemoglobin to carry oxygen to the body. They don’t have a nucleus which gives them more room for hemoglobin.
2) Thin outer membranes help oxygen move in and out easily. The doughnut -like shape increases the surface area allows oxygen to be absorbed better.
Explain the role of the Respiratory System from breathing to gas exchange.
The Respiratory System helps breathing and gas exchange.
Breathing (ventilation)- inhaling oxygen and exhaling oxygen using the diaphragm.
Gas Exchange-oxygen moves from the lungs to the bloodstream. At the same time carbon dioxide passes from the blood to the lungs.
Structure and function of the respiratory system
trachea, rings of cartilage, bronchi, bronchiole, lungs, alveoli, diaphragm, ribs
Explain the difference between respiration, gas exchange and breathing.
Respiration is the action of bretahing.
Gas exchange is oxygen going from the lungs to the bloodstream and carbon diocide going from the bloodstream to the lungs.
Breathing is the physical process of inhaling air into the lungs and exhaling air out.
The purpose of digestion
Animals need to consume food to gain nutrients needed to carry out the life processes that are common to all living organisms (MRS GREN)
Definition of Digestion
The process of breaking down large insoluble nutrients into small soluble nutrients
