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Science grade 9 > Science test unit 1 gr9 > Flashcards

Science test unit 1 gr9 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Ownership View

A

States that we did not own the land and we should not try to change it in any way. Even if we believe were doing it for a greater good

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2
Q

Frontier View

A

Says that we can affect the environment as long as it is beneficial for us (especially for monetary gains)

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3
Q

Stewardship View

A

An ethic that embodies cooperative planning and management of environment resources with organizations and communities to actively engage in the prevention of habitat loss

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4
Q

What is Biology?

A

Biology is the study of living organisms

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5
Q

What is Ecology?

A

Ecology is the study of the interaction between all living things and their environment

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6
Q

What is an ecological hierarchy?

A

The ecological hierarchy shows the connections and relationships between all living things and their environment

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7
Q

What is an individual?

A

This level looks at how one organism interacts with the environment. These range from things as small as bacteria to as large as a Blue Whale.

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8
Q

Population

A

A collection of individuals belonging to the same species. Usually this is measured for a given area

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9
Q

Community

A

A collection of populations within a given area; All organisms in a community interact in some way; even if its not an obvious way

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10
Q

Ecosystem

A

The community and the non- living things (a-biotic factors) that they interact with and affect them (sometimes in not so obvious ways)

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11
Q

Biomes

A

A collection of ecosystems that have similar properties such as climate and organisms

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12
Q

Biosphere

A

The sphere in which all the Biomes exist; it includes all living things and non living things as well!

The Earth consists of 3 other sub-spheres; lithosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere

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13
Q

Lithosphere

A

The rock sphere
Includes the ground we stand on and all the different parts/ layers of the Earth(crust mantle, outer core, inner core

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14
Q

Hydrosphere

A

The water sphere
Includes moisture in the air (clouds), rivers,lakes and oceans on the surface and any water tht exists below the ground

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15
Q

Atmosphere

A

The air sphere
The envelope of gases that surround the earth

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16
Q

Species

A

A group of organisms that can reproduce to produce fertile offspring

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17
Q

Biotic Factors

A

The components of an ecosystem that are or once were living

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18
Q

Abiotic factors

A

The components of an ecosystem that are non-living

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18
Q

Competition

A

Species compete for resources
ex: rabbits and deer

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18
Q

Predation

A

One species hunts another
ex:Fox looking to hunt

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18
Q

Mutualism

A

The species interact in a way that benefits both of them
ex: bee and flower

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19
Q

Commensalism

A

One species benefits from the interaction, the other is not affected
ex: bird nesting in tree

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19
Q

artificial ecosystem

A

Created and often maintained by people

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19
Q

Natural ecosystem

A

Exists naturally

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20
Q

independent variable

A
21
Q

dependent variable

A
21
Q

control variable

A
22
Q

hypothesis

A

An educated guess using if, then, because

23
Q

producer

A

organsims that make their own food through photosynthesis

24
Q

Consumer

A

Consumers eat (consume) other organisms

25
Q

Detritus

A

Detritus is dead organic matter

26
Q

decomposer

A

Decomposers are organisms that consume (or decompose) detritus

27
Q

Food chain

A

A simple diagram showing how energy flows from one organism to another when one organism consumes the other

28
Q

Food web

A

A combination of many food chains ( more accurately show what happens in an ecosystem)

29
Q

Herbivore

A

Get their energy from eating plants

30
Q

Carnivore

A

Get their energy from eating other animals

31
Q

Omnivore

A

Are able to consume both plants and other animals

32
Q

Autotrophs

A

An autotroph is an organism that produces its own food
ex: Plants, Algae, some bacteria

33
Q

heterotrophs

A

A heterotroph is an organism that does not make its own food
ex: animals, Most protozoa, most bacteria

34
Q

Littoral zone

A

Shallow water, from shore to where rooted plants stop; the limit of light penetration. This is the area where plants can perform photosynthesis.

35
Q

Limnetic zone

A

Deep water, this region starts where the plants stop growing. It consists of two components (Euphotic and Profundal).

36
Q

Euphotic Zone

A

The region where photosynthesis can take place (for algae).

37
Q

Profundal Zone

A

The region where photosynthesis cannot take place; it is past the limit of light penetrability.

38
Q

Benthic Zone

A

A layer of detritus at the bottom of the lake. There are lots of decomposers here and this makes the soil here very good for plants.

39
Q

Eutrophication

A

when nutrients and sediment settle in the PROFUNDAL zone and gradually, the lake becomes more SHALLOW and MURKY.

40
Q

What is the place where plants can no longer grow as sunlight doesn’t reach, referred to

A

limit of light penetrability

41
Q

littoral zone

A

shallow water, from shore to where rooted plants stop; the limit of light penetration. This is the area where plants can perform photosynthesis

42
Q

limnetic zone

A

Deep water, this region starts where plants stop growing. It consists of two components Euphotic and Profundal

43
Q

Benthic Zone

A

A layer of detritus at the bottom of the lake.There are a lot of decomposers here and this makes the soil here very good for plants.

44
Q

Euphotic zone

A

The region where photosynthesis can take place(for algae)

45
Q

Profundal Zone

A

The region where photosynthesis cannot take place (past the limit of light penetrability

46
Q

Oligotrophic lakes

A

deep,cool lakes
larger profundal zoneHigh Oxygen Levels in water
Short Food Chains (not biodiverse)
Few Nutrients
Water appears Clear

47
Q

Eutrophic lakes

A

Shallow, warm lakes
Minimal Profundal Zone
Low Oxygen Levels
Longer Food Chains (plant biodiversity)
Many Nutrients
Murky water (muddy, dark, not clear)

48
Q

eutrophication

A

when nutrients and sediment settle in the profundal zone and gradually, the lake becomes more biodiverse.

49
Q

The carbon cycle

A

The process where carbon continually travels from the atmosphere, to earth, back to the atmosphere
Most carbon on earth is stored in rocks, oceans, the atmosphere and living organisms

50
Q

The nitrogen cycle

A
51
Q

The water cycle

A
52
Q

Where is carbon released

A

animals during respiration
factory and car emissions
when organisms die

53
Q

Effects of thermal pollution

A

Many industries pump cold water from the bottoms of lakes and discharge warm water into the Euphotic Zone of lakes.
So what happens as a result?
Eutrophication - more sediment wastes from factories and warmer waters.

Law of Tolerance - Some organisms can no longer tolerate the change in temperature
How do we test for this pollution?
Use a thermometer to test the temperature at different spots in the lake or rivers.

54
Q

Deforestation

A

Why do we do this?
Agriculture Expansion
Wood Extraction
Urbanization (roads, buildings)
And more!
What effects can this have on an ecosystem?
Loss of habitat (could lead to reducing species populations)
Reduction of nutrients in the soil
Less carbon dioxide removed from atmosphere could lead to global warming
Water cycle is affected (Less rainfall)

55
Q
A

Science grade 9 (1 decks)

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