Science Test T2 2024 Flashcards
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What materials are required for Respiration?
Glucose and oxygen
What is the purpose of the digestive System?
To break down Nutrients small enough for the body to absorb and use for energy, growth and cell repair
Why is digestion necessary before absorbtion?
So that it breaks it down to be absorbed into the bloodstream
Mechanical VS Chemical digestion
Mechanical is when the food is broken down physically. Chemical is when it uses acids to break down the food.
Mouth Function
Take in food and mush it into a ball, mix in amylase from salivary glands to break down carbohydrates and starch.
Oesophagus Function
The tube that Sends food down into the stomach
Stomach Function
Breaks down food into a liquid and produces pepsin to break down proteins
Liver
Produces Bile and reduces toxins and regulates body metabolism
Gallbladder
Stores bile
Pancreas
Produces Lipase which absorbs fat into cells
Small intestine
Breaks down food further using Lipase and Bile to absorb nutrients into the blood and moves waste to large intestine
Large intestine
Squeezes waste and sends the remaining nutrients to the blood and sends the waste to the rectum
Rectum
The holding area for the waste
Anus
The exit for waste
Purpose of the respiratory system
Moves fresh air into the body while removing the waste air
Nose
Takes in air and filters it with its hairs
Trachea
Takes air from the nose and moves it into bronchi
Bronchus
Moves air from the trachea to the bronchiole
Bronchiole
Moves air into the Alveoli
Alveoli
Takes in oxygen from the air and puts it into the blood and takes out carbon dioxide and puts it back through the respiratory system.
Diaphragm
The muscle that helps you breath in and out. Contracts when inhale occurs, relaxes when exhale occurs.
Intercostal Muscles
Help expand and contract the chest
Adaptations of the Alveoli
thin 1 cell thick walls (thin) for easy diffusion, Large surface area for maximised diffusion and close to capillaries for easy diffusion.
The Mechanism of breathing: inhalation
When inhaled, the intercostal muscles and diaphragm contract, the volume in the chest increases and the pressure in the chest decreases meaning air gets sucked into the lumgs
The Mechanism of breathing: exhalation
Intercostal muscles and diaphragm relax, volume in chest decreases, pressure in chest increases, air is sucked out
Purpose of the circulatory sysetm
Takes oxygen and nutrients to cells and removes waste
Blood Vessels
Move oxygenated blood to cells and remove carbon dioxide
Heart
Move move unoxygenated blood to the lungs and move oxygenated blood from the lungs to cells around the body.
Arteries Vs Veins Vs Capillaries
Arteries have thick walls to handle high-pressure oxygenated blood away from the heart, Veins have thinner walls for low-pressure blood to go to the heart, capileries have 1-cell thick walls for easy diffusion in the lungs.
Valves
Valves when pressure is applied, open and when pressure is decreased, close
Waste and nutrient exchange
Oxygen enters from the alveoli to high concentration into the capillaries. Carbon dioxide then exits the capillaries.
Role of the Excretion System
Removes waste products from the body
Kidney
Remove waste from blood and produce urine
Ureter
The tube where urine travels down to the bladder
Bladder
Stores urine until its time to release it
Urethra
Where urine is released
What is Excretion
elimination of waste products from the body
Lungs and liver in excretion
Lungs remove carbon dioxide, liver removes toxins
Types of synovial joints
Hinge, Ball and socket, Pivurt
Agnostic pairs
Muscles on big bones work in agnostic (opposite pairs) like biceps bend the elbow and triceps straighten
