Science test study guide

Question 1

Alkali metals

Answer 1

Soft, silvery coloured metals

Very reactive!!!

Question 2

Alkali earth metals

Answer 2

Silvery-White Metals
Fairly reactive
Many are found in rocks in the earth’s crust

Question 3

Period

Answer 3

Across a row (periodic table)

Question 4

Group

Answer 4

Down a column (periodic table)

Question 5

Transition metals

Answer 5

Most are good conductors of electricity

Malleable (easily bent/hammered into wires or sheets)

Question 6

Metalloids

Answer 6

They share properties with both metals and nonmetals.

Si (Silicon) and Ge (Germanium) are very important “semiconductors.

Question 7

Nonmetals

Answer 7

Brittle

Do not conduct electricity

Question 8

Halogens

Answer 8

Most are poisonous

Fairly reactive – react with alkali metals (eg) Na+ and Cl-

Question 9

Noble gases

Answer 9

Unreactive

Gases at room temperature

Question 10

Lanthanides

Answer 10

Reactive and silvered colored metals

all have 3 electrons (except europium and ytterbium)

Question 11

Actinides

Answer 11

They all are radioactive
they all have no stable isotopes
React with boiling water
tend to be soft (malleable and ductile)

Question 12

Metallic character

Answer 12

Properties of a Metal –
Easy to shape (malleable); many are ductile (can be pulled into wires)
Conduct electricity and heat
Shiny

Question 13

Isotope

Answer 13

Atoms of the same element having different masses due to varying numbers of neutrons.
Name them based on there mass number.

Question 14

Ion

Answer 14

An atom or molecule with a net electric charge due to the loss or gain of one or more electrons.

Question 15

Cation

Answer 15

A positively charged ion

metals tend to lose electrons

Question 16

Anion

Answer 16

A negatively charged ion non metals tend to gain electrons

Question 17

Semiconductor

Answer 17

Materials which have a conductivity between conductors (generally metals) and nonconductors or insulators (such as most ceramics). Semiconductors can be pure elements, such as silicon or germanium, or compounds such as gallium arsenide or cadmium selenide.

Question 18

Electronegativity

Answer 18

Tendency of an atom to attract e-.

Question 19

Properties of noble gases

Answer 19

They all conduct electricity, are odorless and colorless, and are used in many conditions when a stable element is needed to maintain a safe and constant environment. This chemical series contains helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, and radon.

Question 20

Why the periodic table is important

Answer 20

It arranges all the known elements in an informative array.

Question 21

Two types of covalent bonds

Answer 21

Polar and non polar

Question 22

Characteristics of non polar bonds

Answer 22

The pull is shared equally by the atoms

Question 23

Characteristics of polar bonds

Answer 23

The pull is shared unequally by the atoms

Question 24

Ionization energy

Answer 24

The needed energy to remove outermost e-.

Question 25

Reactivity

Answer 25

Tendency of an atom to react.

Question 26

Metals tend to lose or gain electrons

Answer 26

Lose electrons

Question 27

Non metals tend to gain or lose electrons

Answer 27

Gain electrons

Question 28

Non-metal+metal

Answer 28

Ionic bond

Question 29

Non-metal+non-metal

Answer 29

Covalent bond

Question 30

More positive electrons than negative electrons

Answer 30

Cation

Question 31

More negative electrons than positive electrons

Answer 31

Anion

Question 32

What is the atomic symbol for Lead.

Answer 32

Pb