Science Test Review Flashcards
Revision
What is the basic unit of life in all living organisms?
Cell
What term describes the hierarchical organization of biological structures?
Biological hierarchy
Which level of the biological hierarchy is composed of groups of similar cells?
Tissue
What is the highest level of biological organization?
Biosphere
True or False: An organ is a structure made up of two or more types of tissues.
True
Fill in the blank: The __________ is the basic unit of heredity.
Gene
What type of stem cells can differentiate into any cell type in the body?
Pluripotent stem cells
What is the function of stem cells in multicellular organisms?
To develop into various cell types and repair tissues
Which type of stem cells are found in adult tissues?
Multipotent stem cells
What is the process by which stem cells become specialized cells?
Differentiation
True or False: All cells in a multicellular organism have the same DNA.
True
What is the primary function of the digestive system?
To break down food and absorb nutrients
What organ is primarily responsible for nutrient absorption?
Small intestine
Fill in the blank: The __________ is a muscular tube that connects the throat to the stomach.
Esophagus
What is the role of the liver in digestion?
To produce bile and process nutrients
Which organ is responsible for storing bile?
Gallbladder
What type of digestion occurs in the mouth?
Mechanical and chemical digestion
True or False: The pancreas produces enzymes that aid in digestion.
True
What is the function of the large intestine?
To absorb water and form feces
Which part of the digestive system is responsible for the initial breakdown of food?
Mouth
What is the term for the rhythmic contractions that move food through the digestive tract?
Peristalsis
What are the two main types of digestion?
Mechanical and chemical digestion
Fill in the blank: The __________ is the site of most chemical digestion and nutrient absorption.
Small intestine
What is the role of enzymes in the digestive system?
To catalyze the breakdown of food molecules
What is the role of saliva in digestion?
To lubricate food and begin the breakdown of carbohydrates
True or False: The stomach is primarily responsible for nutrient absorption.
False
What is the term for the protective layer that lines the stomach?
Mucosa
What is the primary function of the rectum?
To store feces before excretion
What type of stem cells are found in embryonic tissue?
Embryonic stem cells
What is a key characteristic of stem cells?
Their ability to divide and differentiate into various cell types
What are the four main types of tissues in the body?
Epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous tissue
Fill in the blank: The __________ is an organ that helps in the digestion of fats.
Liver
What is the primary role of the small intestine?
To absorb nutrients from digested food
True or False: The gallbladder produces bile.
False
What is the main function of the digestive enzymes produced by the pancreas?
To break down carbohydrates, proteins, and fats
What is the term for the process of breaking down food into smaller components?
Digestion
Which organ is primarily responsible for detoxifying chemicals?
Liver
What is the role of the spleen in the digestive system?
To filter blood and recycle iron
Fill in the blank: The __________ connects the small intestine to the large intestine.
Cecum
What is the term for the process of removing waste from the body?
Excretion
True or False: The stomach has a pH that is highly acidic.
True
What is the primary purpose of fiber in the diet?
To aid in digestion and prevent constipation
What are stem cells used for in medicine?
Regenerative therapies and research
What is the function of the villi in the small intestine?
To increase surface area for absorption
What is the primary role of the pancreas in digestion?
To produce digestive enzymes and hormones
Fill in the blank: The __________ is where most water absorption occurs.
Large intestine
What is the main function of the esophagus?
To transport food to the stomach
True or False: The human digestive system is a closed system.
False
What is the role of the mucous membrane in the digestive tract?
To protect and lubricate the lining
What type of stem cells can develop into a limited range of cell types?
Multipotent stem cells
What is the importance of the digestive system in maintaining homeostasis?
It regulates nutrient and water balance in the body
What is the term for the process of nutrient absorption in the small intestine?
Absorption
What is the primary function of the stomach?
To digest food using acids and enzymes
Fill in the blank: The __________ is where the digestive system begins.
Mouth
What is the role of hydrochloric acid in the stomach?
To help digest food and kill bacteria
True or False: Stem cells can only be found in embryos.
False
What is the process by which the body converts food into energy?
Metabolism
What is the main function of the duodenum?
To receive chyme from the stomach and continue digestion
What is the role of the pancreas in blood sugar regulation?
To produce insulin and glucagon
Fill in the blank: The __________ is a muscular structure that regulates the passage of food into the stomach.
Lower esophageal sphincter
What is the primary function of bile?
To emulsify fats for digestion
