SCIENCE TEST: REPRODUCTION

Question 1

crossing over

Answer 1

when genetic material is exchanged between chromosomes during meiosis

Question 2

haploid

Answer 2

HALF set of chromosomes

Question 3

meiosis

Answer 3

the process by which one diploid cell divides into 4 haploid cells

Question 4

zygote

Answer 4

first diploid cell produced as a result if fertilization, first cell of the newly created organism

Question 5

fertillization

Answer 5

joining of egg and sperm, when two haploid cells fuse to form a diploid zygote

Question 6

diploid

Answer 6

full set number of chromosomes

Question 7

somatic cell

Answer 7

any diploid (full set) body cell

Question 8

gamete

Answer 8

sperm and egg

any haploid cell

Question 9

tetrad

Answer 9

a group of 4 chromosomes which forms during MEIOSIS

Question 10

meiosis

Answer 10

the process by which one diploid (full) cell divides into 4 haploid cells (half)

Question 11

cleavage

Answer 11

MITOSIS of he zygote to form an embryo

Question 12

homologous chromosomes

Answer 12

a pair of chromosomes containing similar genetic information

Question 13

three phases of embryonic development

Answer 13

morula, blastula, gastrula

Question 14

male reproductive system

Answer 14

• produce sperm/gametes in the testes

- deliver sperm internally to the female

Question 15

female reproductive system

Answer 15

• peoduce eggs/gameres in ovaries
• the uterus provides a place fo rthe fetus/embryo to develop
• the vagina receives sperm

Question 16

fertilization steps

Answer 16

1. egg is released by the ovary once a month
2. sperm are deposited and swim to the egg
3. egg and sperm unitr in the oviduct/fallopian tube
4. zygote is formed

Question 17

early development

Answer 17

-zygote starts to divide by mitosis
-this special mitosis is called cleavage
first a morula is formed: solid ball of cells
second a blastocyst is formed :hallow ball of cells

Question 18

gestation period: pregnancy stages

Answer 18

after the blastocyst implants, the embryo starts to develop
after 9 weeks it is called a FETUS
human pregnancy or gestation is 40 WEEKS

Question 19

birth

Answer 19

stage one: the cervix opens and dialates
stage two: the baby exsits the uterus through the cervix abd out of the vagina canal
stage three: the placenta exists the uterus through the cervix and out if the vagina canal

Question 20

menstrual cycle

Answer 20

• a cycle controlled by hormones

- hormones are proteins responsible for cell communication

Question 21

feedback mechanism

Answer 21

one hormone level drops, the next hormone is triggered to be released
ex: FSH down LH high

Question 22

hormones

Answer 22

a hormone must fit the receptor molecule on the cell membrane of the target cell to be able to deliver the message

Question 23

secreting cell

Answer 23

cell that is making and releasing the hormone into the bloodstream

Question 24

target cell

Answer 24

cell that is receiving the message and responding

Question 25

menstrual cycle

Answer 25

- 28 day cycle is average | - 4 phases controlled by the four hormones: FSH, LH, ESTROGEN, PROGESTERONE

Question 26

follicular phase

Answer 26

immature egg cell in ovary goes through meiosis to become a mature haploid (half) egg cell the follicule cell releases ESTROGEN whicg causes the UTERUS to develop and endometrium: a ling of blood vessels and cells that will form a PLACENTA if needed.

Question 27

ovulation

Answer 27

mature egg is released from the ovary the PATUITARY GLAND releases LH to cause the release of the egg: OVULATION follicle bursts open to release the egg into the Fallopian Tube

Question 28

luteal phase

Answer 28

ovary releases hormones to tell the uterus to prepare for possible pregnancy

Question 29

menstrauation

Answer 29

the uterus sheds the lining it created to prepare for pregnancy if the egg is not fertilized in the fallopian tuve, it does not implant in the uterus and there is NO pregnacy estrogen and progesterone levels drop and the uterus sheds into the endometrum lining: this is the period

Question 30

FSH

Answer 30

released by the PITUITARY GLAND (in brain) and targets the OVARY

Question 31

LH

Answer 31

released by the PITUITARY GLAND (in the brain) and targets the OVARY

Question 32

ESTROGEN

Answer 32

released by the follice (OVARY) and targets the UTERUS

Question 33

PROGESTERONE

Answer 33

released by the COROUS LUTEUM (OVARY) and targets the UTERUS

Question 34

gestation period

Answer 34

length of pregnancy

Question 35

endometrium/placenta

Answer 35

the "pre" placenta/materials such as nutriens and wastes are exchanged

Question 36

amniotic sac/fluid

Answer 36

fluid in which the embryo develops

Question 37

umbilical cord

Answer 37

connects the fetus to the placenta

Question 38

is there fetal blood

Answer 38

NO NEVER!!!!!!!!

Question 39

labor

Answer 39

contractions of the uterus which pushes the baby out

Question 40

afterbirth

Answer 40

afterbirth, the placenta detaches and exists the uterus

Question 41

fertility drugs

Answer 41

medications which enchance reproductive fertility. it is used to stimulate follicle development of the ovary