science test preparation numero uno Flashcards
How does a vaccine work?
Injecting a small dose of a dead/inactive pathogen, which the WBC will produce antibodies to kill the antigens, and then later on if the same pathogen comes back, the antibodies will recognise it and kill it.
Pros of vaccines?
Has wiped out lots of diseases, and controlled others like smallpox and rubella.
Epidemics are easily prevented
Cons of vaccines?
Don’t always work
Pathogens can mutate
You can have an allergic reaction.
What do painkillers do?
Reduce the actual symptoms and pain, but doesn’t rid of the actual cause
What do Antibiotics do?
Kill/prevent the growth of a type of bacteria, which is why it’s important to use the right one. Also can’t destroy viruses
Resistance
Bacteria can mutate to become immune to certain anti-biotics, and reproduce quickly.
Who discovered penicillin?
Alexander Flemming
What are drugs first tested on?
Cells/Tissues
After the first stage, what are drugs next tested on?
Animals.
How many animals MUST be tested on before moving to the last stage?
2 Animals.
What is a ‘placebo’.
A fake drug that is used to control drug tests.
Who are clinical trials used on?
Healthy Volunteers.
At room temperature and standard pressure, how much dpm do gases take?
