science test new Flashcards
Be able to Be able to draw and label a segment of DNA.
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/biolabs1/chapter/dna-structure-and-function/
. Know what makes up the backbone and bases.
alternating sugar (deoxyribose) and phosphate groups
What is the shape of DNA?
double
helix
What are the base pairs (which pairs with which)?
adenine-thymine, adenine-thymine, cytosine-guanine, guanine-cytosine LATER adenine-U
What is DNA replication? Why is it important?
DNA replication is the process by which a double-stranded DNA molecule is copied to produce two identical DNA molecules . Important for making new cells
What is a gene?
. Genes are a portion of DNA that are tasked with making specific proteins that play a critical role in the structure and function of the body.
what is protein synthesis
the process in which cells make proteins
How is RNA different than DNA?
It has uracil and also has ribose instead of deoxiribose
What is the purpose of mRNA?
Messenger RNA molecules carry the genetic information needed to make proteins.
What is the purpose of tRNA?
to bring amino acids to the ribosome for protein production
What is the function of the ribosome?
s. The ribosome handles translation
What are proteins made of?
Amino acids
What is a mutation?
Any change in the DNA sequence of a cell.
what are the two types of mutations
Germline mutations occur in gametes the other type is in other cells
What is a genetic disorder?
when a mutation affects your genes in a bad way.
Know what genetic engineering is, and its benefits. What is the ethical debate surrounding genetic engineering?
Genetic engineering aims to modify the genes to enhance the capabilities of the organism beyond what is normal. Ethical controversy surrounds possible use of the both of these technologies in plants, nonhuman animals, and humans.
What are GMOs (or Genetically Modified Foods) and how are they created?
GM is a technology that involves inserting DNA into the genome of an organism. new DNA is transferred into plant cells.
Know the main arguments for and against GMOs (or Genetically Modified Foods).
Another reason for people opting for genetically engineered foods is that they have an increased shelf life and hence there is less fear of foods getting spoiled quickly. The biggest threat caused by GM foods is that they can have harmful effects on the human body.
