Science Test: Forensics Flashcards
Why do Christians study forensics?
God calls and desires justice, because he is a just God. Proverbs 21:15 says how the evildoers should be punished.
The scientific tests or techniques used in connection with the detection of crime.
forensics
This principle states that when two objects come into contact, they exchange microscopic material.
Locard’s Exchange Principle
a tangible object that can be used to prove a fact in a legal proceeding
physical evidence
any bodily material or item containing bodily material
biological evidence
small particles of material that are transferred between objects, people, or the environment during a crime
trace evidence
Explain the difference between passive transfer and projectile bloodstains.
-passive transfer bloodstains are when blood falls due to gravity WITH NO OUTSIDE FORCES
-projectile bloodstains are when the blood is FORCEFULLY ejected under pressure
What does a tail on a bloodstain indicate?
the direction the blood traveled
Explain the difference between a parent drops, tails, and satellites.
-parent drops are the main droplet
-tails are elongated bloodstains formed from impact of droplets
-satellites are the smaller bloodstains that formed as a result of blood impacting a surface
a branch of forensic science that deals with the identification and analysis of bodily fluids found at crime scenes
Forensic serology
a test using UV light that determines whether or not blood is present at crime scenes
Luminol test
a test that uses a chemical reaction between blood and hydrogen peroxide to produce a pink color if blood is present
Kastle-Meyer test
Why is blood typing necessary at a crime scene?
It can eliminate/confirm a suspect and/or victim
All 8 types of blood
A+, A-, B+, B-, AB+, AB-, O+, O-
Most common type of blood
O+
a ridge line comes in from one side, goes up in the middle, and leaves on the other side
arch
a ridge line comes in from one side, goes up, around, and back out the same side
loop
a ridge line makes a complete circle
whorl
What is the difference between direct transfer and secondary transfer?
-direct transfer are fibers transferred directly from victim to suspect or suspect to victim
-secondary transfer is fibers picked up from the environment and transferred to the other person during contact
What is the name of the national FBI fingerprint database?
Integrated Automated Fingerprint Indentification System (IAFIS)
Why is the early collection of fibers critical?
Most fiber evidence (95%) falls off or is lost from a crime scene within 24 hours.
What are the two tests that are used on fibers that are NON DESTRUCTIVE?
Polarizing and Infrared Spectroscopy
Name one type of destructive test used on fibers.
Burning
Name two ways that DNA evidence is used.
-can be used to identify victims, witnesses, and suspects
-can be used to conform genetic relationships such as paternity or siblings
What are the 6 stages of DNA testing?
-Extraction
-Quantification
-Amplification
-Separation
-Analysis & Interpretation
-Quality Assurance
What does extraction do?
Releases the DNA from the cell
Why is quality assurance necessary?
mistakes can happen and we have to check for mistakes
CODIS
Combined DNA Index System
What are the three character traits one should exhibit while collecting evidence?
-Confidentiality
-Objectivity
-Respect
How does Roman 14:12 emphasize the importance of honesty?
Romans 14:12 talks about taking accountability for our actions. When we are dishonest, we have to take accountability but when we are honest, we don’t have to account for anything and can even be rewarded.
