science test (cells) - feb 22

Question 1

what is a prokaryotic cell?

Answer 1

single-celled organisms.

Question 2

what is a eukaryotic cell?

Answer 2

multi-celled organisms.

Question 3

what are organelles?

Answer 3

small structures that make up a cell

Question 4

do both plant and animal cells have organelles?

Answer 4

while plant and animal cells have several of the same organelles, there are some structures that are found only in plants and not in animals.

Question 5

where are organelles found?

Answer 5

many of the organelles found in cells are made up of or are surrounded by membrane and therefore would not be found in prokaryotic cells.

Question 6

what is a cell membrane?

Answer 6

a plant and animal cell that forms outer boundary of cell; separates the cell from its environment. it also surrounds cytoplasm.

Question 7

what is a cell membrane made up of?

Answer 7

a cell membrane is made up of lipids with some proteins scattered throughout. the proteins form tiny passageways in the membranes called pores.

Question 8

what is the function of a cell membrane?

Answer 8

the function is to control what moves in and out of the cell and to provide protection and support for the cell. cell membranes help maintain homeostasis.

Question 9

what is homeostasis?

Answer 9

the process of self regulation by organisms to maintain survival while adjusting to conditions best for survival.

Question 10

what is the nucleus?

Answer 10

the nucleus is the largest organelle that is made up of three parts. the nuclear membrane, chromosomes, and the nucleolus.

Question 11

what is the nuclear membrane?

Answer 11

a thin layer that surrounds the nucleus. it contains pores to let materials in and out.

Question 12

what are chromosomes?

Answer 12

thin threadlike structures made up of DNA (controls cell activities and provides the information or “recipe” the ribosomes need to make proteins).

Question 13

what is the function of the nucleolus?

Answer 13

makes ribosomes (which make proteins). controls all of the cells activities, controls which proteins are made.

Question 14

what are ribosomes?

Answer 14

ribosomes are small grain like bodies (they are not covered in a membrane). they are both plant and animal cells.

Question 15

what is the function of ribosomes?

Answer 15

they makes protein by getting instructions from the DNA in nucleus, the DNA gives the ribosomes codes that amino acids combine to make a special protein.

Question 16

what is ER?

Answer 16

ER or endoplastic reticulum is a folded, tubelike membrane. rough ER has ribosomes on it; smooth ER lacks ribosomes. ER is an animal and plant cell.

Question 17

what is the function for ER?

Answer 17

it moves materials especially protein around the cell, acts like a conveyor belt, is the cells transportation system.

Question 18

what is cytoplasm?

Answer 18

a clear, thick, jelly like material. it contains a large amount of water (about 70%) and chemicals, may sometimes appear to be grainy this grain appearance comes from the organelles floating in it). cytoplasm is constantly moving or “streaming” through the cell.

Question 19

where is cytoplasm found?

Answer 19

inside the cell membrane but outside the nucleus.

Question 20

what is the function of cytoplasm?

Answer 20

contains all the organelles of the nucleus outside of the nucleus.

Question 21

what is the cytoskeleton?

Answer 21

a web of long tubes and fibers made of protein.

Question 22

what is the function of cytoskeletons?

Answer 22

to support the cell and help the cell keep its shape.

Question 23

where is the cytoskeleton found?

Answer 23

the cytoskeleton can be found throughout the cytoplasm.

Question 24

what are golgi bodies?

Answer 24

stacks of flat, membrane-covered sacs; looks a lot like smooth ER. the golgi body is a plant and animal cell.

Question 25

where are golgi bodies located?

Answer 25

in the cytoplasm.

Question 26

what is the function of golgi bodies?

Answer 26

to sort proteins from the ER to different roles, then package them into vesicles that break off at the end of the stack, they then go to cell membranes or to other places in the cell to get secreted.

Question 27

what is the mitochondria?

Answer 27

rod-shaped structures that have a folded inner membrane within an outer membrane. it is an animal and plant cell.

Question 28

where is the mitochondria located?

Answer 28

it is scattered throughout cytoplasm.

Question 29

what is the function of the mitochondria?

Answer 29

release energy from glucose in food by combining it with oxygen (cell respiration).

Question 30

what are lysosomes?

Answer 30

small, round structures filled with digestive chemicals called enzymes. they are common in animal cells but rare in plant cells.

Question 31

what is the function of lysosomes?

Answer 31

breaks down sugar molecules into small ones so that they can enter the mitochondria. lysosomes digest waste products, worn out organelles and dead/injured cells to make room for new cells. they protect the cell from foreign invaders.

Question 32

what is a vacuole?

Answer 32

a large, round, fluid-filled sac. plants have one very large vacuole while animals have a few small ones.

Question 33

what is the function of a vacuole?

Answer 33

to be a storage area for food, water, wastes, and other materials.