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Science test card Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are natural resources?

A

Parts of environment that provide materials useful for living things

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2
Q

What is the difference between renewable and nonrenewable resources?

A

Renewable resources replenish as quickly as we use them and nonrenewable do not replenish as fast as we use them

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3
Q

Can a resource be classified as either one? What would cause this?

A

Yes, If we use them too fast they become nonrenewable

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4
Q

What is pollution?

A

Contaminating the environment with harmful substances

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5
Q

What is the atmosphere?

A

A thin layer of gas surrounding the earth

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6
Q

What is the composition of the atmosphere?

A

78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, and 1% other

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7
Q

How is energy transferred through the atmosphere?

A

Convection currents

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8
Q

What are the 5 layers of the atmosphere?

A

Exosphere, Thermosphere, Mesosphere, Stratosphere, troposphere

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9
Q

What happens to temp. as you move in the troposphere?

A

It decreases

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10
Q

Where is the ozone layer found?

A

Stratosphere

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11
Q

What does the ozone layer do?

A

Protect us from the sun’s harmful ultraviolet rays

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12
Q

How do scientists hypothesize that the atmosphere formed?

A

When the earth was magma, it started cooling and it released gasses from volcanic eruptions that formed around the earth. It then cooled and formed the atmosphere

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13
Q

What is the difference between weather and climate?

A

Weather is the atmospheric condition of a specific place at a specific time. Climate is the weather conditions over a specific period of time

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14
Q

What is an anomaly?

A

Something that occurs that is unusual, out of the ordinary and is hard to classify

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15
Q

What is air temperature?

A

Measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules in the air

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16
Q

What is an air pressure?

A

The force that a column of air applies to the ground and or column below

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17
Q

What is another name for air pressure?

A

Barometric pressure

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18
Q

How is wind created?

A

When air moves from high pressure to low pressure

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19
Q

How is wind measured?

A

Anemometer

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20
Q

What is the difference between humidity and relative humidity?

A

Relative humidity compares current humidity to the max humidity in the air. Humidity is just the amount of water vapor present per cubic metre

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21
Q

How is relative humidity measured?

A

Psychrometer

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22
Q

What is the dew point?

A

Temperature at which air is as full of water as it can be

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23
Q

What are clouds?

A

Droplets of ice crystals and water vapor

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24
Q

What is fog?

A

Clouds near the surface

25
Q

What is stability?

A

Whether circulating air is strong or weak. Stable air currents are weak and unstable currents are strong

26
Q

What kind of weather is associated with air movements that are classified as unstable?

A

Warm and sunny

27
Q

What kind of weather is associated with air movements that are classified as stable?

A

Ground-level air is nearly the same temperature as higher-altitude air

28
Q

What is a temperature inversion?

A

Occurs in the troposphere when temperature increases as altitude increases

29
Q

What happens with a high-pressure air system?

A

Low pressure center high pressure outside

30
Q

What is an air mass?

A

Large body of air with uniform temperature, humidity, and pressure

31
Q

What is the difference between continental and maritime air masses?

A

COntinental air masses are over land and maritime air masses are over the ocean

32
Q

Where do polar and tropical air masses form?

A

Polar: over colder regions and Tropical: over warmer regions

33
Q

What is a front?

A

Boundary between two air masses

34
Q

What is a cold front?

A

Cold air mass pushes against warm air mass and warm air rises creating clouds and precipitation

35
Q

How does it impact the weather?

A

It makes precipitation

36
Q

What is a warm front?

A

When a warm air mass pushes on a cold air mass and the warm one rises slowly creating a blanket of clouds

37
Q

How does it impact weather?

A

It makes precipitation

38
Q

What is a stationary front?

A

2 fronts hit and don’t move

39
Q

What is an isobar?

A

Line on weather map showing places with the same pressure

40
Q

What does it tell us when isobars are close together vs farther apart on a map?

A

Winds are strong when isobars are close together and they are weak when isobars are further apart

41
Q

What is an Isotherm?

A

Lines on a weather map that connect lines with the same temperature

42
Q

What are some examples of severe weather?

A

Hurricanes, tornadoes, droughts

43
Q

What factors impact a region’s climate?

A

Where they are, what kinds of weather they have

44
Q

How does climate change as you move away from the equator?

A

It becomes colder and more extreme

45
Q

How does altitude impact climate?

A

Altitude increase means the temperature decreases since we are in the troposphere

46
Q

How can mountains impact climate?

A

They can block wind and make rain shadows

47
Q

What is a rain shadow?

A

Area of low rainfall ona downwind slope of a mountain

48
Q

How can large bodies of water impact climate?

A

It makes the land around it have a more consistent climate due to the high specific heat of water

49
Q

What is specific heat?

A

Amount of thermal energy needed to raise the temperature of 1kg of a material by 1℃

50
Q

What is a microclimate?

A

Localized climate from the larger climate surrounding it. Ex: a Urban heat island

51
Q

What factors could create a microclimate?

A

Forest, hilltops and large amounts of concrete and steel

52
Q

How are climates classified?

A

Polar, continental, dry, tropical, mild

53
Q

How can human activities affect climate?

A

We burn fossil fuels and destroy forests

54
Q

What is the greenhouse gas effect?

A

Gasses released into the atmosphere and trap the sun’s heat that would otherwise have escaped

55
Q

Where does our knowledge of past climates come from?

A

From scientists taking samples of ice from the arctic and fossilized pollen

56
Q

What is an ice age?

A

Millions of years in which ice covers the earth

57
Q

What is an interglacial?

A

The period after an ice age where the glaciers retreat

58
Q

What causes long-term climate cycles?

A

The shape of orbit affects the amount of solar energy we receive

59
Q

What causes the seasons?

A

The tilt of the earth’s rotation away from the sun (23.5 degrees)

Science Test cards (1 decks)

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