Science test 3/6/24 Flashcards
Define nutrient
A chemical in food you need to survive
What are carbohydrates?
Sugars and Starches
How do cells use carbohydrates?
They use carbohydrates for energy
What are the characteristics of carbohydrates?
Elements-CHO, polar, Ratio of 2 H:1 O
Define/identify monosaccharides and give examples
Glucose and only have one ring (sugar unit)
Define/identify disaccharides and give examples
Sucrose, Fructose, and Lactose. Have 2 rings (sugar unit)
Know how monosaccharides bond to form disaccharides and polysaccharides
Take away one water molecule
Define and identify polysaccharides and give examples
Starch, and has 10 or more rings
What foods contains carbohydrates?
Plants, fruit and bread
What reagent tests for sugar and starches?
Benedict’s solution tests for sugar and Iodine tests for starch
What are lipids?
Fats, oils, and waxes
How do cells use lipids?
Energy storage, cushioning organs, and insulation
What are the characteristics of lipids?
Elements-CHO, non polar, not 1H: 1 O
What makes up a fat molecule and how does and how they bond?
A fat molecule is made of 1 glycerol and 3 fatty acids and it bonds by removing one water molecule water (H2O)
What is the difference between saturated fats and unsaturated fats, which are solid at room temperature? which ones are made by plants or animals? And which one leads to high blood cholesterol?
Saturated fats is a fat and solid at room temperature, and unsaturated fats are oils and a liquid at room temperature. Unsaturated fats are made by plants. Saturated fats are made by animals and can lead to high blood cholesterol.
Which foods contain lipids?
Butter
How do you test for lipids?
You put the substance on paper, wait for it to dry and if there is a translucent spot, it is a lipid.
How do cells use proteins?
Cells use protein to grow, for muscle, to repair in the body, enzymes, and protein is the building block of life.
What makes up a protein molecule and how do they bond?
A protein molecule is made up of amino acids bonded together. Protein cells bond by removing a water molecule (H2O).
What determines the protein type?
The order of amino acids
What foods contain protein?
Animal products, nuts, beans, tofu, etc.
What reagent tests for protein?
Biuret solution
What is a vitamin?
Compounds that act as co-enzymes
What is the difference between fat soluble and water soluble vitamins and what are some examples? Which can be stored in the body?
Fat soluble vitamins are D,E,A,K and water soluble vitamins are B,C. Examples include idk lol. Fat soluble vitamins can be stored in the body because they are stored in fat and not dissolved by water but water soluble vitamins can’t stay in the body because they are dissolved by water.
What is a mineral?
An inorganic element
What is one example of a mineral?
Calcium
What is the function of water in the human body?
Water transports, dissolves, keeps you cool, and most chemical reactions need water.
What percent water is the human body?
70% (for the test. It’s more like 66%, though)
What is a calorie?
A unit of energy (amount of energy needed to raise 1 gram of water to 1 degrees celsius).
How do you calculate calories?
Find the difference between the two temperatures then multiply by how much water there is.
What reagent tests for starch
iodine
