Science test Flashcards
What are the three main points of the cell theory?
- All living organisms are composed of one or more cells.
Why are cells small?
To ensure nutrients like sugar can quickly reach the center for survival.
What are the two main types of microscopes?
- Light Microscope
- Electron Microscope
What is the magnification formula?
Magnification = Eyepiece x Objective Lens
What is the field of view (FOV) in microscopy?
The area visible through the microscope.
What are organelles?
Structures within cells that perform specific functions.
What is the function of the nucleus?
Holds genetic material (DNA) and controls the cell’s building and operation.
What is the function of ribosomes?
Take instructions from DNA and build protein molecules.
What distinguishes prokaryotic cells from eukaryotic cells?
Prokaryotic cells have no nucleus and no membrane-bound organelles.
True or False: Eukaryotic cells are usually larger and more complex than prokaryotic cells.
True
What are the main components of blood?
- Platelets
- Red Blood Cells (RBCs)
- White Blood Cells (WBCs)
- Plasma
What is the primary role of the circulatory system?
Providing oxygen and nutrients to the body via the blood.
What is the structure and function of red blood cells?
Biconcave discs without a nucleus designed to carry oxygen and carbon dioxide.
What do chloroplasts do?
Use sunlight to make sugars through photosynthesis.
What is the structure of guard cells?
Bean-shaped cells that swell with water to open stomata.
What is the function of vacuoles in plant cells?
Storage areas for water, nutrients, and waste.
What is the function of plasma in blood?
Allows movement of red and white blood cells and contains nutrients, hormones, and waste particles.
How are muscle cells adapted to their function?
Have large numbers of mitochondria to meet energy needs for contraction.
What type of cells make up skin tissue?
Flattened cells that cover and protect the body.
What is the role of platelets in blood?
Aid in blood clotting.
What is a wet mount?
A method to prepare a specimen for microscopic viewing with a drop of water and a coverslip.
What are the two main categories of cells?
- Prokaryotes
- Eukaryotes
How are capillary beds structured?
Only one cell thick, moist, and good at exchanging substances.
What is the function of arteries?
Carry blood under high pressure away from the heart.
What type of blood do veins generally carry?
Deoxygenated blood.
How thick are capillaries?
Approximately 1 cell thick.
What are the four chambers of the heart?
- Left Atrium
- Right Atrium
- Left Ventricle
- Right Ventricle
Why is the left side of the heart thicker than the right side?
It pumps blood from the heart to the rest of the body.
What separates the left and right sides of the heart?
The septum.
What is the function of the heart valves?
To stop the blood from flowing backwards.
What is the AV or mitral valve?
A bicuspid valve located between the left atrium and ventricle.
Where is the aortic valve located?
Between the left ventricle and the aorta.
What is the tricuspid valve?
The AV valve that sits between the right atrium and right ventricle.
What is the pulmonary valve?
A semilunar valve that sits between the right ventricle and the pulmonary arteries.
What do coronary arteries supply?
Blood and oxygen only to the heart.
What is linked with heart disease?
Excess fat around the coronary arteries.
What are single-celled organisms?
Living organisms that consist of only one cell.
Name an example of a single-celled organism found in pond water.
- Amoeba
- Euglena
- Paramecium
