science test Flashcards
What can a trait be determined by?
Genes- dominant and recessive
What causes diseases that are inherited?
Genetics- can be dominant (Marfan’s syndrome) or recessive (type 1 diabetes)
What is asexual and sexual reproduction?
Asexual- 1 parent-ex.clone, runner, budding (yeast), splitting (bacteria)
Sexual 2 parents -ex. Does not have to be mommy or daddy ex- pollen and egg in flower, male and female parts on an earthworm
What is the only time the offspring of asexual reproduction is not the same?
Mutation can change gene and asexual reproduction
What can reproduce sexually? Asexually?
Sexually- most animals, most plants, most fungus, and some single celled
Asexual- bacteria, some fungus, some single celled, some plants
Example of Homozygous dominant? Homozygous recessive? Heterozygous?
Homozygous dominant- TT (same)
Homozygous recessive- tt (same)
Heterozygous- Tt (different)
What does(T) represent? What does (t) represent?
T- dominant
t- Recessive
What is the 50/50 Rule?
Both parents contribute 50% of genes
Who is the “Father of Genetics?”
Father Gregor Mendal- pea plants-3 to 4 generations in one growing season wide variety of characteristics
Humans have _______ copies of each chromosome.
46 chromosomes in a human body cell
23 pairs of chromosomes
22 of these pairs are body chromosomes
1 pair are sex chromosomes (gender) XX-XY
Sex cells (sperm and egg)– 23 chromosomes
Know Critter genetics. (Punnett Square)
Blue and orange tail colors
Blue- dominant
Orange- recessiveSky(TT) and Poppy(tt)-parent generation
Second generation all blue tails (Tt) hybrid
Third generation- Ocean and Lucy’s pups
75%(TT and Tt) blue 25% (tt) orange
Know color blindness sex linked traits (Punnett Square)
N- normal
n- Color blind
xNy x XNXn
2 normal females, 1 normal male, and 1cb male
Who gave their son sex linked trait?
Mom dad have to give y chromosome
Chances of you being male or female? Who made you male or female? (Punnett Square)
Dad made you male (y) or female (x)
Mom can only give X chromosome
