Science term 4

Question 1

how are stars formed

Answer 1

when mass sticks to each other and compresses creating heat and releases energy in heat and light

Question 2

Stars release energy as

Answer 2

heat and light

Question 3

Stars use nuclear fusion to produce energy. Explain in simple terms how this happens

Answer 3

Hydrogen fuses to form helium, releasing enormous amounts of energy as heat, light and radiation

Question 4

1. What is the nearest star to Earth
2. How far is it
3. How long does light take to travel from this star to Earth

Answer 4

1. The sun
2. he distance between the sun and earth is 150 million km
3. 8 minutes and 20 seconds

Question 5

Explain in your own words why the Sun is ‘centre’ of our solar system. (use the term gravity in your answer)

Answer 5

The sun has the most gravity so it holds everything together in a ring/disc formation around it

Question 6

How large is the sun?

Answer 6

1.4 million kilometers in diameter

Question 7

How old is the sun thought to be?

Answer 7

It is thought to be around 4.5 billion years old

Question 7

How hot is the sun at it’s core?

Answer 7

15 million degrees Celsius

Question 8

After the sun, what is the next closest star to Earth?

Answer 8

Proxima Centauri

Question 9

How many planets in our solar system?

Answer 9

eight

Question 10

Which other planets have solid surfaces like our Earth?

Answer 10

Mars venus and mercury

Question 10

True or False.
Planets make their own light
Explain your answer

Answer 10

Falso as they just reflect off the sun’s light

Question 11

If planets orbit the sun, what do moons orbit?

Answer 11

Their planet (e.g. the moon/luna orbits its planet which is the earth)

Question 12

How long does it take for Earth to orbit the sun?

Answer 12

approximately 365.25 days

Question 13

what causes the different phases of the moon

Answer 13

the relative positions of the moon, earth and sun

Question 14

when can a solar eclipse occur

Answer 14

during a new moon

Question 15

what best describes a lunar eclipse

Answer 15

When the earth casts a shadow on the moon

Question 16

What is the approximate duration of a complete lunar cycle, from one full moon to the next?

Answer 16

29.5 days

Question 17

Explain why we don’t experience a lunar eclipse every month.

Answer 17

The earth and the moon do not orbit on the same plane around the sun so it doesn’t get in earth’s shadow every orbit.

Question 18

What is a first and 3rd quarter moon

Answer 18

A first quarter moon is when the moon is waxing
A 3rd quarter moon is when the moon is wanning

Question 19

Low tides occur on the opposite side of Earth to the Moon.

Answer 19

false

Question 19

What is a new moon

Answer 19

It is a new moon when the moon does not appear illuminated by the sun

Question 19

What is wanning and waxing

Answer 19

The moon is Waning when the left side of the moon is lit and is appearing to get smaller
The moon is Waxing when the right side of the moon is lit and is appearing to get bigger

Question 19

High tides only occur on the side of Earth facing the Moon.

Answer 19

false

Question 19

there are two generally high tides and two low tides a day.

Answer 19

true

Question 19

There are larger waves during a high tide compared to a low tide

Answer 19

true

Question 20

A tidal day is longer than a normal day.

Answer 20

false

Question 21

when can a neap tide happen

Answer 21

first quarter moon
third quarter moon

Question 22

when can a spring tide happen

Answer 22

new moon and full moon

Question 23

what best describes a tide?

Answer 23

the rise and fall of sea levels

Question 24

What causes the tides on Earth?

Answer 24

the gravitational pulls of the Sun and Moon

Question 25

Understanding tides is important in order

Answer 25

for boats to safely navigate coastal waters.

Question 26

Neap tides have

Answer 26

the smallest tidal range (the smallest difference between high tide and low tide)

Question 27

a rotation is

Answer 27

the circular movement of an object around its axis

Question 28

equinox

Answer 28

When neither hemisphere is faced toward the sun

Question 28

solstice

Answer 28

The longest or shortest days of the year

Question 29

revolution

Answer 29

the circular or elliptical movement of an object around a central point

Question 29

One day is best defined as

Answer 29

a full cycle of daytime and nighttime.

Question 29

What is the cause of Earth’s seasons?

Answer 29

Earth’s revolution and its axial tilt

Question 30

What best describes axial tilt?

Answer 30

The angle of the rotational axis.

Question 30

The summer solstice is best described as the day

Answer 30

with the longest daytime hours due to the region of Earth tilting towards the Sun.

Question 31

Explain how the tilt and the orbital motion of Earth result in the four seasons.

Answer 31

During the earths orbit, the side of earth that is tilted toward the sun is in summer and when both halves are even it is spring or autumn. When the side of the earth is tilted away from the sun it is winter there.

Question 31

what is a solar eclipse

Answer 31

It is when the moon covers the sun in parts of the earth

Question 32

What are the three types of solar eclipses

Answer 32

Total, partial, and annular

Question 33

What 2 types of shadows does the moon cast on the earth during a solar eclipse

Answer 33

penumbra and umbra

Question 34

What is a spring tide

Answer 34

It is when the moon sun and earth are all in line creating a larger tidal range

Question 35

What is a flood and ebb current

Answer 35

A flood current is when the tide in coming inland/ rising
An ebb current is when the tide is retreating/ lowering

Question 36

How many times does a spring/neap tide occur in a month

Answer 36

A spring tide occurs once a month
A neap tide occurs once a month