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Science term 3 > Science term 3 > Flashcards

Science term 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 7 characteristics of living things

A

what is MRS GREN
- Movement
- Respiration
- Sensitivity
- Growth
- Reproduction
- Excretion
- Nutrition

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2
Q

what is multicellular

A

organisms that are made from more than one cell ( multi = many )

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3
Q

what is unicellular

A

organisms that are only made up of one cell ( uni = one )

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4
Q

what are the five kingdoms

A
  • monera
  • protista
  • fungi
  • plant
  • animal
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5
Q

what is Monera

A

includes all the organisms know as bacteria

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6
Q

what is protista

A

most protista live in water

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7
Q

what is fungi

A
  • organisms that include microorganisms such as yeasts, moulds and mushrooms
  • multicellular
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8
Q

what are plants

A
  • multicellular
  • they contain chloroplast for photosynthesis
  • make their own food
  • have a cell wall
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9
Q

what are animals

A
  • there are 9 phyla in the animal kingdom
  • 8 don’t have backbones ( they are invertebrates )
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10
Q

what are vertebrates:

A

Animals with an internal skeleton (endoskeleton)
e.g cats, humans, birds

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11
Q

what are invertebrates:

A

Animals with an external skeleton (exoskeleton) or no skeleton at all
e.g insects, crabs, slugs

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12
Q

what are the 6 phyla of invertebrates

A
  • Arthropods
  • Poriferans
  • Molluscs
  • Cnidarians
  • Nematodes, Platyhelminths, and
    Annelids
  • Echinoderms
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13
Q

What are the 5 classes of phylum vertebrates?

A

fish, amphibians, reptiles, mammals and birds

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14
Q

what is a constant body temp

A

when the outside temp changes the animals body temp stays the same ( constant = endotherm

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15
Q

what is it called when something changes with the environment

A

changes with the environment = ectotherm

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16
Q

what are the 5 classes of vertebrates

A
  • Amphibians
  • Reptiles
  • Birds
  • Fish
  • Mammals
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17
Q

Animals that generate their own heat and maintain a constant internal body temperature are known as

A

endotherms (endo=in, therm = heat)

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18
Q

Endotherms may also be called

A

homeotherms

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19
Q

Animals which do not maintain a constant internal body temperature are called

A

ectotherms (ecto = out)

20
Q

ectotherms mean

A

their body temperature varies with
the temperature of the environment they live in – they obtain heat from their surroundings

21
Q

what are the Characteristics of endotherms

A

Too hot – seek shade, pant, change position, sweat

Too cold – huddle, seek shelter, stop sweating, shiver

22
Q

what are the characteristics of ectotherms

A
  • Ectotherms do not create their own body
  • Ectotherms do not need to eat as regularly as endotherms
  • Their activity level is depended on their temperature
23
Q

what is Ecology

A

the study of the way in which organisms interact with other
organisms and with their environment.

24
Q

what is habitat

A

a place where an organism lives

25
Q

what is population

A

all the organisms of the same species living in a habitat

26
Q

what is community

A

all the populations of different species living in a habitat

27
Q

what is Abiotic Factors

A

all the non-living factors of the environment

28
Q

what is Biotic Factors

A

all the living factors of the environment

29
Q

what is ecosystem

A

the interaction of a community of living organisms (biotic) with
the non-living (abiotic) parts of their environment

30
Q

what are some biotic factors

A
  • New predators arriving
  • Prey availability
  • New pathogens (disease-causing organisms)
31
Q

what is a food web

A
  • A food web shows how all the food chains are linked within an ecosystem
32
Q

what are food chains

A
  • the feeding relationships between different organisms in an ecosystem
  • Food chains always start with a producer
33
Q

what are apex predators

A
  • top of the chain
  • are tertiary consumers or higher
  • a small number of apex predators
    supported by a greater number of prey
34
Q

what is Interdependence in the Ecosystem

A
  • All organisms in an ecosystem
    depend upon each other.
  • Often very small changes to
    ecosystems have large consequences
35
Q

Producers - autotrophs

A
  • Plants are autotrophs they make their own food using light, carbon dioxide and water.
  • Plants are the basis of all food chains on
36
Q

how does photosynthesis work

A

sunlight + carbon dioxide + water

             photosynthesis

Glucose (sugar) + oxygen

37
Q

what are herbivore

A
  • The first consumers in the
    food chain (they eat the plants)
  • They are heterotrophs
38
Q

what are carnivores

A
  • Second order (or higher) consumers
  • Eat other consumers; the herbivores
  • Obligate carnivores eat meat (other
    animals) only
39
Q

what is decomposition

A
  • decomposers break down dead or decaying organisms
    e.g. fungi, soil bacteria, algae
  • decomposers have a hidden role in the food web. they complete the cycle and return nutrients to the soil to be used by plants
40
Q

what is parasitism ( - / + )

A

a relationship where one organism benefits and another organism (host) is negatively affected
e.g. mosquitoes, leaches, ticks, lice

41
Q

what is commensalism ( + / o )

A

a relationship where one organism benefits and the other is unaffected
e.g. bird + tree, whale +barnacle

42
Q

what is mutualism ( + / + )

A

a relationship where both organism benefit
e.g. whale shark + remora, clownfish + anemones, oxpecker bird + giraffe

43
Q

what are adaptions

A

Adaptions are inherited characteristics or features of an organism to make it adapt to is environment and increase the chance of it surviving it also gets pasted down generations

44
Q

what is a structural adaptions

A

a part of an organisms physical body
e.g. sharp claws, powerful muscles, long neck, camouflaged fur

45
Q

what are physiological adaptions

A

an internal process or chemical reaction e.g. silk production, poison/venom, hibernation

46
Q

what are Behavioural adaptions

A

how an organism acts or behaves (what it does) e.g. stalking prey, mark territory, maternal care

47
Q

what is cellular respiration

A

oxygen + glucose = carbon dioxide
+ water + energy

Science term 3 (1 decks)

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