Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Grade 8 Science Term 2 > Science Term 2 Exam > Flashcards

Science Term 2 Exam Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is a structure

A

A structure is something with a definite size, shape, and purpose that can hold a load.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Natural structures 4 examples

A

Turtle shell / snail shell
Bird’s nest
Ant hill
Spider web
Chicken Egg
Bee hive

A structure built in nature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Built structures 4 examples

A

Buildings
Vehicles
Furniture
Statues
Fences
Playgrounds

Man made structure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the form of a structure

A

Shape
Size
Materials

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the form of a structure

A

Shape
Size
Materials

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the function of a structure

A

Its purpose/ability to do something

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Form follows function

A

The form of a structure should be determined by its intended purpose.

You must know what purpose the structure will serve, or what it will do, in order to decide how you will design or build it.

Form should relate to the function of a structure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Shell structure

A

A shell structure uses a single outside layer to surround an inner object, substances, space etc.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Frame structure

A

A frame structure uses a framework of connected parts to provide support. Frame structures can be two-dimensional (like a fence or ladder) or three-dimensional (buildings, furniture, etc).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Solid structure

A

A solid structure is made from one piece of solid material. The mass of the material is used to resist forces.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is a force

A

A force is a push or a pull. A force can make an object start moving or stop moving.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Gravity

A

Gravity is the force that attracts a body toward the centre of Earth. It is a force that is applied to everything on Earth.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Centre of gravity

A

Centre of gravity is the point from which the weight of a structure may be considered to act (the part with the most weight on average). It is the part of a structure most affected by the force of gravity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q
  1. Why might engineers consider the centre of gravity when designing a structure?
A

Considering the centre of gravity can help engineers ensure that structures are strong, stable, and able to withstand loads.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is an external force

A

An external force acts on an object or structure from outside the structure.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q
  1. What is the difference between a contact and non-contact force?
A

A contact force is applied when two objects touch.
Non-contact forces are created without touching another object.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Magnitude of a force

A

Magnitude is the size of a force (i.e. a measurement of force)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Point of application

A

The point of application is the specific location where a force makes contact with a structure.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Plane of application

A

The plane of application is the side of a structure affected by a force.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Plane of application

A

The plane of application is the side of a structure affected by a force.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Whats a Load

A

A load is a weight or source of pressure that creates an external force on a structure.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q
  1. What is the difference between a static and dynamic load?
A

A static load is something that does not change. The size, position and direction of a static load remains the same.

A dynamic load is a force that can change when acting on a structure.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Static load examples

A

The roof of a house
A book placed on a desk
A bench on the sidewalk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Dynnamic load examples 2

A

Rain / snow falling on a roof
Wind blowing against a building
People moving within a building

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Internal force

A

An internal force acts from within a structure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Internal form types 4

A

Compression, tension, torsion, shear

27
Q

Compression

A

An internal force that squeezes or presses something together

28
Q

Tension

A

An internal force that stretches to expand or lengthen

29
Q

Shear

A

An internal force that pushes in opposite directions

30
Q

Torsion

A

An internal force applied in a twisting motion

31
Q

Symmetry

A

Symmetry is when an object is the same on both sides. In structures, symmetry also refers to a general sense of balance and harmony.

32
Q
  1. Describe 3 reasons why symmetry plays an important role in the design of structures
A

Aesthetics: humans tend to view symmetry as beautiful and appealing
Centre of gravity: In symmetrical structures, the center of gravity is in the middle of the structure so the overall structure can support a greater load
Stability: Symmetry ensures structures are stable because weight is distributed evenly

33
Q

Design failure

A

Structures may fail when they are not built according to code or when there are flaws in the architectural design

34
Q

Improper communication

A

Improper Communication
If the people who design a structure do not properly communicate with the people who built it, the structure may be built improperly

35
Q

Poor foundations

A

Reason
Explanation
Poor Foundations
Soil near the base of a structure may shift due to poor drainage, leaks, or moisture in the land.

36
Q

Unanticipated forces

A

Unanticipated Forces
Building designers may underestimate the forces that would be placed on the structure (weather, loads, etc). Some forces cannot be anticipated (natural disasters, accidents)

37
Q
  1. Describe each reason why a structure might fail.
A

Design failure
Improper communication
Poor foundation
Unanticipated forces

38
Q
  1. How do sensors help ensure structural safety?
A

Sensors detect or measure conditions around or within a structure. They can be used to detect unusual stresses placed on a structure.

39
Q
  1. Give two examples of sensors that can be used to ensure structural safety.
A

Seismographs are used to record the motion of the ground during an Earthquake. They can detect if a structure is under stress due to vibrations caused by an earthquake.

Smoke detectors signal when a fire may be present in a building.

40
Q
  1. Give an example of how each factor may be considered when designing / building a structure
A

Economic

How much will it cost to build and maintain?
(Is it affordable?)
What jobs will be created or lost by the creation of this structure?

Environmental
What impact will this structure have on nearby ecosystems?
(habitat loss, emissions, etc.)
Is the surrounding environment suitable for this structure?
(foundation soil, regional climate/weather)

Social
How will this structure be perceived by people in the community?
Will this structure be a tourist attraction?
Will this structure be accessible to people?
(ex: housing, shopping centers - can people afford it?)
(ex: accessibility - is it accessible?)

41
Q

System

A

A system is a group of parts that work together to perform a specific task.

42
Q

Physical system

A

A physical system is a group of physical parts that work together to perform a specific task.

43
Q
  1. Give 3 examples of physical systems.
A

Human made: Electrical circuits, cars / vehicles, computers, appliances, etc.

Natural: Lakes, rivers, weather, solar systems, ecosystems

44
Q

Social system

A

A social system is a group of organisms who join together to accomplish certain tasks

45
Q
  1. Give 3 examples of human social systems
A

Healthcare systems, Education systems, Transportation systems, Businesses, Sports teams / leagues, Social Media

46
Q
  1. Give 3 examples of social systems in nature
A

School of fish, Flock of birds, Colony of ants, Pack of wolves

47
Q

parts of a system

A

Input
Things that go into the system, like forces, energy, or raw materials

Process
The actions taken by the system that allow it to convert the input into an output

Output
The things or services that the system produces.

48
Q

How is feedback used in a system

A

Feedback uses information related to the outputs to determine necessary variations to the input for the next cycle or loop

49
Q

Industry

A

An industry is a combination of systems that work together to produce goods and services

50
Q

3examples of industries

A

Transportation industry, agricultural industry, healthcare industry, education industry

51
Q
  1. Give an example of a physical and social system that are part of each industry
A

Industry
Physical Systems
Social Systems
Transportation Industry
Cars, trucks, airplanes, repair equipment
Gas stations, mechanic repair shops, urban planners
Healthcare Industry
X-rays, stethoscopes, needles, heart monitors
Walk-in clinics, hospitals
Education Industry
Computer software, smart boards, laptops
Schools, education centers, daycares

52
Q

What’s a simple machine

A

A simple machine is a basic system that makes work easier.

53
Q

Energy dissipation

A

Energy dissipation is when energy is lost from a system.

54
Q

Efficiency

A

Efficiency is the ability to do something without wasting materials, energy, time, or effort.

55
Q
  1. Explain why homework may have been less efficient in the past, and why they are more efficient today.
A

Process
Past (Less Efficient)
Present (More Efficient)
Doing homework
Finding information: buying books or getting from the library

Accuracy: No calculators, no spell check

Completion: writing by hand
Finding information: use of internet to quickly answer questions

Accuracy: calculators, spell check, etc.

Completion: typing

56
Q
  1. List and describe 3 examples of technological innovations that have made systems more efficient.
A

Wireless internet (communicate / access information easily)
Facial recognition technology (unlock phones quickly and securely)
Smart phones (quick access to internet, multiple functions like calculator, compass, etc.)

57
Q
  1. Give 3 examples of things that help make our classroom more efficient.
A
58
Q
  1. Give 3 reasons why public transportation may be more efficient than driving a car.
A

Resources: More fuel efficient, carries more passengers while using less energy
Labour: One driver per vehicle, passengers can focus on other things
Time: Less traffic, not required to find parking

59
Q
  1. Give 2 reasons why public transportation may be less efficient than driving a car.
A

Routes are not direct, people are required to walk to and from stations
Subject to delays or other issues
Not available everywhere

60
Q

Automation

A

Automation is the use of automatic equipment in a system, like manufacturing or production. Automation is the technology that allows manufacturing, production, or other processes to occur with minimal human assistance

61
Q

How does automation improve efficiency in systems

A

Automation increases productivity while reducing human labour. It can help remove the possibility of human error from the manufacturing process as well as remove hazards that are found in the factory environment.

62
Q

Automation Examples 3

A

Thermostats (automatic temperature control), dishwashers, refrigerators, washers/dryers, automatic door openers, self-driving vehicles, manufacturing machines

63
Q
  1. List 3 benefits and drawbacks of automation in systems.
A

Benefits
Drawbacks
Higher productivity rates
Improves safety
Reduces workweek for factory workers
High upfront costs
Maintenance/repairs
Potential to cause unemployment
Potential harm to social structure

Grade 8 Science Term 2 (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions