-SCIENCE TERM 1- Flashcards
What is high density
High density is when the particles are close together an example of this is… When an object like a stone has high density it sinks usually solids are more likely to have high density because there particles are tight together.
What is Low density
Low density is the opposite of high density the objects particles are spread out and if placed in a liquid will float because of the low density.
What is matter
Matter is what makes up the things around us. Matter has mass (can be weighed). Matter has volume (takes up space). There are three states of matter: Solid Liquid Gas
What are solids
Solids can be hard or soft. They do not change shape easily. Solids cannot be compressed Their particles do not move around Solids have a definite shape and volume
What are liquids
Liquids can be poured.
Liquids take the shape of the part of the container they are in.
They cannot be compressed at room temperatures.
Their particles move around more than the particles in a solid
Liquids have a definite volume, but their shape will vary depending on the container that the liquid is poured into glasses and containers.
What is a gas
They do not have constant shape.
They can be easily compressed.
Gases take the shape of the container they are in & can change their sleep easily
Gases spread out to completely fill container (solids/liquids do not)
Their particles move around a lot
Expansion vs. contraction of states of matter
Expansion: If a mass expands than it takes up more space, when matter is heated - it tends to expand due the particles gaining more kinetic energy
Contraction: If a mass cools, the particles have less kinetic energy, the mass contracts - it takes up less space.
Freezing/ boiling point
Freezing Point - is the temperature that a liquid will change into a solid.
The boiling point is the temperature in which a liquid changes into a gas
Mixtures
A mixture is a substance made up of different compounds and elements which are not bonded together. Therefore, the different substances can be easily separated.
Solution - Solute - Solvent
Dissolving a solid into a liquid is a type of mixture
The solid is the solute
and the liquid is the solvent,
the end product is the solution
Soluble vs Insoluble
If a substance dissolves in a liquid then we call this soluble
An increase in temperature will generally make a substance more soluble
If a substance does not dissolve then we call it insoluble
Saturated vs unsaturated solutions
A saturated solution is a solution that contains the maximum amount of solute that is capable of being dissolved.
An unsaturated solution is a solution that contains less than the maximum amount of solute that is capable of being dissolved.
Concentrated vs dilute solutions
The main difference between the dilute solution and concentrated solution is that dilute solution contains less solute and the concentrated solution contains more solute.
A liquid with a high solute concentration is called a concentrated solution.
A liquid with a low solute concentration is called a dilute solution.
Suspension and dispersion
In chemistry, a suspension is a mixture of a fluid and solid particles. In order to be a suspension, the particles must not dissolve in the fluid.
E.g. sand will not dissolve in water
The particles will disperse or spread and suspend in the fluid or gas, but eventually will become too heavy and will sink to the bottom - these particles are called sediments
Sediments
Sedimentation is a process of separating specifically heavier, suspended matter from the lighter matter in a solution.
Solid matter known as sediments settles on the bottom of the container holding the liquid.
