Science & Technologies & Society Flashcards by Alessandra Fortunado

_________________ facilitate greater understanding of the elements that allow the continuity of human life.

Science and technology

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Science and technology have produced immense inventions beginning from ________________

Scientific Revolution.

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SCIENCE is a concept, which originated from the Latin concept _______ that means ‘knowledge’.

‘scientia’

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The systematic study of the structure and behavior of the natural and physical world, or knowledge obtained about the world by watching it carefully and experimenting (Cambridge English Dictionary)

SCIENCE

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It is a system of knowledge covering general truth or the operation of general laws especially as obtained and tested through scientific method (Merriam Webster)

SCIENCE

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A branch of systematized knowledge or study dealing with a body of facts or truths systematically arranged and showing the operation of general laws through observations and experimentation (explorable.com)

SCIENCE

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The 4 Nature of Science

Science is subject to change as new evidences are found;
Science is derived on the observation of the natural world;
Science is creative;
Science is based on theoretical findings.

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The Purpose of Science

Science builds knowledge for the purpose of application and greater understanding;
Science seeks ways to solve existing problems confronting human life;
Science helps in the development of technology;
Science delves on current facts to construct new explanations to existing realities.

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__________ came from the Greek term ‘Techne’ which means art or skill.

Technology

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This term also refers to ‘logia’ which is the totality of skills, techniques and methods needed to produce goods and services for the consumption of living beings.

TECHNOLOGY

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___________ refers to the tools and techniques needed to control and manipulate the environment and uplift human conditions became the fundamental basis for the development of technology in varied societies and culture across time and space. These basically are for the benefit of human life and existence.

Technology

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______________ is a result of the new-found knowledge being applied to engineering or the creation of ways to simplify and hasten human activities. Such may be exemplified by the development of tools and machines essential to assist man in the performance of daily tasks.

Technology

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___________ creates a more meaningful life by harnessing the abundant resources that our environment has.

Technology

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It is a body of knowledge that focuses on the development of tools out of available resources.

TECHNOLOGY

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Helps in the accomplishment of various tasks it becomes crucial to human life and survival.

TECHNOLOGY

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Technology has the purpose of improving the environment so that ________________________________________________

resources may be sustained for future generations.

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Technology _____________________ for daily survival. It provides help in our day to day by simplifying most of our tasks which allows saving time, effort and resources.

simplifies human activities

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Technology empower communities through the promotion of __________________________

civic awareness and engagement.

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Technology facilitates _______ and _______ as it creates a higher and improved standard of living.

growth and innovation

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the aggregate of people living together in a more or less ordered community.

SOCIETY

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organization or club formed for a particular purpose or activity.

SOCIETY

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the sum total of our interactions as humans

SOCIETY

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a group of individuals

SOCIETY

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Initially it took us around ________ years to learn to cultivate the land and benefit from its fruit

12,000

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Around _______ years ago, the wheel was created to facilitate transfer of materials and people from one area to another in quicker and easier method.

4,000

Some ________ years ago, humans used stone for hunting and protection. But most of these stone stools were crude until around ______ BC that the first metal was found and used to create more tools.

50,000 6,000

Around __________ years ago, humans have learned to control fire after much trial and error. Inability to control fire means darkness, cold, and terrifying environment especially during night time.

125,000

It was ______ BC that the ability to write and record individual and experiences through pictures was developed.

3,000

________ became very important work and skill in history especially when paper was invented in China.

Record keeping

Between ___ AND ___ BC, the Chinese had developed the compass, a navigational device that helped in human exploration. This increased sea trade and contributing to the Age of Discovery.

300 and 200

Gunpowder, a chemical explosive invented in China in the ___ century, has been a major factor in military technology.

9th

________________ have embarked in scientific activities in order to know and understand everything around them.

Human beings

Studied the _____AND _____ world in order to find meanings and seek answers to many questions

natural and the physical

Humans also used ______ to rationalize the origin of life and the lifeless forms

religion

the period of enlightenment when the developments in the fields of mathematics, physics, astronomy, biology, and chemistry transformed the views of society in nature

SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION

It explained the emergence or birth of modern science as a result of these developments

SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION

The ideas generated during this period enable the people to reflect, rethink and reexamine their beliefs and their way of life

SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION

refers to the resurrection of modern-day science

SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION

_____________ was the golden age for people committed to scholarly life in science but it was also a deeply trying moment to some scientific individuals that led to their painful death or condemnation from the religious institutions who tried to preserve their faith, religion and theological views

SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION

Some ____ AND ________ did not accept many of the early works of scientists

rulers and religious leaders

Scientists in all periods of time are driven by their _______, _______ AND _______ to explore the physical and natural world.

curiosity, critical thinking, and creativity

Their love for science is driven by their deep passion to ________ AND _______

know and to discover

_______ are not after for the honor and publicity

Scientists

They are ordinary people doing extraordinary things

Scientists

Some were not appreciated; sentenced to death while others condemned by the Church during their time

Scientists

They never stopped experimenting, theorizing, and discovering new knowledge and ideas

Scientists

THREE NOBLE SCIENTISTS

NICOLAUS COPERNICUS CHARLES DARWIN SIGMUND FREUD

His ideas were an example of what is presently called as thought experiment

NICOLAUS COPERNICUS

Developed a model of the universe in which everything moved around a single center at unvarying rates

NICOLAUS COPERNICUS

He placed the sun in the center of the universe and all the planets were surrounding or orbiting it; model of planets orbiting around the Sun automatically positioned the planets into a logical sequence.

NICOLAUS COPERNICUS

Heliocentric theory

NICOLAUS COPERNICUS

His theory of evolution by natural selection is very useful in many fields until now

CHARLES DARWIN

His book The Descent of Man was so impressive yet controversial

CHARLES DARWIN

He introduces the idea of all organic life, including human beings, under the realm of evolutionary thinking. This replace the views of a religious or biblical design that places human beings in a privileged position of having been created by God

CHARLES DARWIN

__________ is the process through which populations of living organisms adapt and change.

Natural selection

Developed the idea of psychoanalysis that helped in understanding human behavior especially neurological conditions

SIGMUND FREUD

psychoanalytic theory of personality argues that human behavior is the result of the interactions among three component parts of the mind: the id, ego, and superego.

SIGMUND FREUD

_____________ includes the entire area of Central America from Southern Mexico up to the border of South America

Mesoamerica

_________________ is one of the famous civilizations that lasted for approximately 2,000 years

Maya civilization

people are known for their works in astronomy

Maya civilization

understanding about celestial bodies, as evidenced of their knowledge of predicting solar eclipse

Maya civilization

built hydraulics system with sophisticated waterways to supply water to different communities

Maya civilization

built looms of weaving cloth and rainbow of glittery paints from a mineral called mica

Maya civilization

first people to produce rubber products 3,000 years before Goodyear received its patent in 1844

Maya civilization

one of the most visually striking writing systems of the world

MAYA HIEROGLYPICH WRITING

- stone buildings that surmounted earthquakes and other disasters - irrigation system and technique in storing water in their crops

Inca civilization

calendar with 12 months to mark their religious festivals and prepare for the planting season

Inca civilization

first suspension bridge

Inca civilization

a system of knotted ropes to keep records that only experts can interpret

QUIPU

since cloth was one was one of the specially prized artistic achievements

Inca textiles

Mandatory education

Aztec civilization

Chocolates –valued cacao beans

Aztec civilization

– prevent muscle spasm, relax muscles during surgery

Antispasmodic medication on Aztec civilization

for agricultural farming the land was divided into rectangular areas surrounded by canals

Chinampa Aztec technology

___________ enable to plan their activities, rituals, and planting season

Aztec calendar

– light narrow boat

canoe on Aztec civilization

is the biggest continent in the world and the home of many ancient civilizations

Asia

It is a host to many cultural, economic, scientific, and political activities of all ages

ASIA

In the field of science, technology and mathematics, great civilizations have stood out:

India, China, and the Middle East civilizations

They are known for manufacturing iron and in metallurgical works

INDIA

Also known in mathematics; tried to standardized measurement of length to a high degree of accuracy and designed ruler, the Mohenjodaro ruler

INDIA

__________ introduced a number of trigonometric functions, tables, and techniques as well as algorithms of algebra

Aryabhatiya IN INDIA

Known for traditional medicines; uses plants and animals to cure human illness; medical practice such as acupuncture

CHINA

Develop many tools; compass, papermaking, gunpowder (substance used in guns to propel the bullet), and printing tools

CHINA

Tools like iron plough, wheelbarrow, and propeller

CHINA

Models of bridges, first seismological detector, and developed a dry dock facility

CHINA

In the field of astronomy, made a significant records of supernovas, lunar and solar eclipses and comets which were carefully recorded and preserved to understand better the heavenly bodies and their effects to our world

CHINA

Dominantly occupied by Muslims

MIDDLE EAST COUNTRIES

________ placed greater value on science experiments rather than plain-thought experiments

Muslim scientists

A Muslim scientist named ____________ is also regarded as the Father of Optics, especially for his empirical proof of the intromission theory of light

Ibn al-Haytham

In mathematics, the mathematicians _________________ gave his name to the concept of the algorithm while the term algebra is derived from al-jabr

Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi

In particular, some scholars considered _____________ to be the Father of Chemistry

Jabir ibn Hayyan

is blessed with natural and mineral resources

AFRICA

______________ has contributed immensely and made a significant advance in the fields of astronomy, mathematics, and medicine

Ancient Egyptian civilization

The development of geometry was a product of necessity to preserve the layout and ownership of farmlands of the _________ living along the Nile River

Egyptians

_____ known as the center of alchemy; they tried to study human anatomy and pharmacology, and applied important components such as examination, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis for the treatment of disease

Egypt

Astronomy was also famous in the African region; Africans used three types of calendars: _____, ____, AND _____ or a combination of three

lunar, solar and stellar

__________AND _______ imported iron technology from the Near East region that enabled them to benefit to developments of Bronze age until the Iron age

North Africa and the Nile Valley

The history of science and technology in the Philippines started way back before the country gained its independence from the _____________

American colonizers

Before the coming of the ____________, the early inhabitants of the archipelago had their own culture and traditions; they their own beliefs and indigenous knowledge keeps them organized and sustain their lives

Spanish colonizers

Science in ________________, is embedded in the way of life of the people; the way they plant the crops to provide for their food; taking care for their animals to help them in their everyday task to provide food

pre Spanish Philippines

They use science in preparing the soil for agricultural; medicinal plants too. Technology used in building houses, irrigations and developing tools

PHILIPPINES

Developed tools for planting, hunting, cooking and fishing. Transportation land or water; musical instruments

PHILIPPINES

____________ have more influence in the development of science and technology

Americans

Established public education system, improved the engineering works and health condition

Americans

Established a modern research university, the University of the Philippines created more public hospitals

Americans

Transportation and communication system were improved. Teaching science in school to improved and modernized the education

AMERICANS

_______ did everything to Americanize the Philippines

Americans

This demonstrates the use of mathematics as well as the standard systems of measurement as well as astronomy for the understanding of days and months relative to the movements of the moon.

Laguna Copperplate Inscription

The introduction of formal education promoted the study of religion, reading, writing, arithmetic and music.

Hispanic Philippines

The University of Santo Tomas was the earliest university established in 1611. Medicine is the priority course.

Hispanic Philippines

Engineering was also important course as several structures such as government buildings, Catholic churches, fortresses like ‘Intramuros’ and railroads became the focus during the more than three hundred years of Spanish rule of the Philippines.

Hispanic Philippines