Science teas Flashcards
sagittal (lateral) plane
divides body into left and right
coronal (frontal) plane
divides body into front and back
Axial (transverse) plane
Divides body into upper and lower parts
Medial
Toward the midline
Lateral
Away from the midline
Proximal
Closer to center of body
Distal
Further away from center of the body
Anterior/Ventral
Front of body
Posterior/Dorsal
Back of body
Superior
Above the midline, toward the head
Inferior
Below the midline, away from head
Ventral cavity
thoracic cavity and abdominopelvic cavity
thoracic cavity
Contains Heart, lungs, diaphragm, trachea, esophagus, thymus
abdominopelvic cavity
Abdominal cavity
-Contains stomach, intestines, spleen, liver, kidney
Pelvic cavity
-Contains urinary bladder, reproductive organs, rectum, distal colon
What are the cavities lined with?
Serous membranes
Partial layer
Lines cavity wall
Visceral layer
Lines the organs
Partial pleura
Lines thoracic cavity
Pericardial
lines the heart
Peritoneal membrane
lines the abdominopelvic cavity
Dorsal cavity
contains the brain and spinal cord
posterior to body
Cranial cavity
contains brain, 12 spinal cords, and pituitary gland
contains meninges which lines the cavity, brain, and spinal cord and CSF in found
Meninges and CSF
three protective membranes and fluid that surround the brain and spinal cord
Vertibral Cavity
Contains Vertebrae and Spinal Cord
Has meninges
Pathway of air
Mouth/Nose->Pharynx->Larynx->Trachea->Bronchi->Bronchioles->Alveoli
gas exchange
oxygen enters blood and carbon dioxide leaves
Where does gas exchange occur?
Alveoli
lungs are surrounded by
pleural membranes (visceral and parietal)
Pharynx
Throat,
nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx.
Larynx
voice box, thyroid and cricoid cartilage
Trachea
windpipe
smooth muscle: goblet cells and cilia
cartilage
Bronchi
primary, second, tertiary
Bronchioles
no cartilage
smooth and elastic tissue
constricts and dilates
terminal bronchiole- leads to alveoli
Diseases that constrict air flow
COPD
Emphysema
destruction of lung issue
Asthma
dysfunctional immune response
Alveoli
simple squamous epithelium
where gas exchange occurs
covered in surfactant
upper respiratory tract
consists of the nose, mouth, pharynx, epiglottis, larynx, and trachea
lower respiratory tract
larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs
Tidal volume
Amount of air that moves in and out of the lungs
Residual capacity
Amount of air remaining in the lungs after exhalation
inspiration
breathing in (inhalation)
expiration
breathing out (exhalation)
What happens during inspiration?
the diaphragm contracts, lungs expand and intra-alveolar pressure decreases, thoracic pressure increases
what happens during expiration?
diaphragm and external intercostal muscles relax, decrease thorax pressure and increase lung pressure
Where does ventilation occur?
diaphragm, intercostal muscles, pressure change
O2 in CO2 out
Factors affecting diffusion in gas exchange?
Concentration gradient
Surface area
Distance
