Science Stuff Flashcards

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1
Q

Antigens

A

A toxin or foreign substance which includes an immune response in the body.

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2
Q

ABO blood grouping system

A

ABO blood grouping system: blood groups A has A antigens and B blood groups have B antigens and so on.

You can either be rheasus positive or rheasus negative.

This accounts for positive or negative sign next to the letter

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3
Q

Forensics

A

The use of science to solve crime.

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4
Q

Forensic odontologist

A

Someone who examines teeth and bite marks

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5
Q

Cheiloscopy

A

The study of lip prints

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6
Q

Observation

A

Any information collected with the 5 senses

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7
Q

Inference

A

Conclusions or deductions based on observations

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8
Q

Plaster of Paris

A

Specific type of plaster used to make a cast of a foot print

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9
Q

Cast

A

Something that collects an exact mould of indents or scrapes

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10
Q

Latent fingerprint

A

Fingerprints left behind from the oils on our skin

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11
Q

Patent fingerprint

A

Fingerprints left behind in blood or paint

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12
Q

Physical fingerprint

A

Fingerprints left behind in a mould of clay or gum

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13
Q

Anthropology

A

The study of human skeletons to gain information about the subject eg. Height, age, weight, health

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14
Q

Cortex

A

The part of your hair around the medulla that has pigment

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15
Q

Medulla

A

Central core of a strand of hair

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16
Q

Dactylography

A

A study of fingerprints as a method of identification

17
Q

Rhesus typing

A

You can either be rhesus positive or negative

18
Q

How accurate is blood typing? How can it help identify people?

A

While blood typing is accurate, it won’t help identify a single person as there are millions of people in every blood group. However it can help narrow it down to a single blood group and collect DNA from a person.

19
Q

Why do hairs and fibres found at a crime scene need to be compared under a microscope?

A

So that they can identify the difference between the two.

20
Q

What is a cuticle?

A

The outer coating of a strand of hair, it is composed of over lapping scales.

21
Q

If you were trying to identify two individual humans, what part of the hair would you examine?

A

The contex

22
Q

Identify two reasons fibre and hair is useful?

A

Because hair and fibre takes a long time to decompose and can also identify a human by extracting DNA.

23
Q

DNA fingerprinting, what is it? How is it used? Is it indicated to each human?

A

DNA is inherited from our parent, 50% mum and 50% dad. It can be extracted from things like hair and blood, etc. it is used to identify a person.

  1. Collect DNA samples
  2. Extract from sample
  3. Make copies using polymerase chain reaction PCR
  4. Cut into fragments using restriction enzymes
  5. Fragments are sorted into gel electrophoresis
  6. DNA fingerprinting is compared between victims and samples
24
Q

Locard’s exchange principal

A

The idea that when someone leaves something at a crime scene, a two way swap occurs meaning that they take something with them as well.

It might be a piece as small as a piece of dirt from the bottom of their shoe or in their clothes

25
Q

Trace evidence

A

Fibres, hair, soil, wood, pollen etc