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study > Science study pt.1 > Flashcards

Science study pt.1 Flashcards

1
Q

What does a circuit require?

A

A power supply, a load and a conducting pathway.

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1
Q

Identify what the straight line symbol is

A

conducting wires

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2
Q

Identify what the cell symbol is

A

a small vertical line leading into the conducting wire on the right and a larger vertical line leading the other way

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3
Q

Identify what the battery symbol is

A

looks the same as the cell but can have more than one cell

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4
Q

Identify what the light bulb symbol is

A

circle with an x in the middle

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5
Q

Identify what the symbol for a resistor is

A

rectangle connected to wires

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6
Q

Identify what the Switch symbol is

A

Opened switch = two dots, one with a line leading diagonally into the air, meaning both sides aren’t connected

Closed switch = two dots with a connecting line between meaning they are connected

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7
Q

Ammeter symbol?

A

circle with an A in the middle, can be placed anywhere on the circuit

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8
Q

Voltmeter symbol?

A

Circle with a V placed over a resistor

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9
Q

Fuse symbol

A

Rectangle with a horizontal line going through it connecting to the conducting wires

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10
Q

What is a series circuit?

A

A series circuit has only one line of electrical flow for example if one of the sections fails everything will fail. It is a single pathway in which electricity can flow.

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11
Q

What is a parallel circuit?

A

A parallel circuit is an electrical path that branches into multiple sections so that the current can flow with the same voltage throughout the entire circuit.

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12
Q

Parallel circuit voltage flow vs series flow.

A

For example in series circuits the lightbulbs get dimmer and dimmer when there are more of them whereas parallel circuits provide the same voltage throughout the entire circuit.

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13
Q

Parallel vs series switch parts

A

In series, if you open or close the switch it will affect the entire circuit.
Whereas parallel circuits have multiple branches, for example one light bulb can be on and the other off.

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14
Q

Define current

A

current is the rate of flow of electrons in a circuit

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15
Q

Current measurment

A

current is measured in amps or amperes and it’s symbol is I

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16
Q

1 coulomb =

A

Amperes per second

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17
Q

What is voltage?

A

the amount of energy carried by the electrons in a circuit.

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18
Q

Voltage measurement

A

voltage is measured in volts and its symbol is V

19
Q

How do electrons gain power

A

when they go through power supplies they regain electric charge

20
Q

How do electrons lose charge?

A

When going through resistors or lightbulbs etc

21
Q

What does voltage gained across the terminals of a power supply equal?

A

total voltage drop across the rest of the circuit

22
Q

What does the ammeter measure

A

Current

23
Q

What does a voltmeter measure

A

Volts

24
Q

What is resistance

A

a measure of how much a load restricts and reduces the flow of current.

25
Q

what are ohms (Ω)

A

the unit of resistance and R as the symbol for resistance.

26
Q

What is R the symbol for

A

Resistance

27
Q

What is energy transformed into due to resistance

A

into heat when a load offers resistance

28
Q

Recall the mathematical equation for ohms law

A

V = I x R

29
Q

How do you get I and how do you get R

A

V divided by R
V divided by I

30
Q

Outline the difference between AC and DC in terms of electron movement.

A

DC current electrons move in a steady forward flow whereas AC electrons keep switching directions.

31
Q

Describe different uses of alternating current (AC) and direct current (DC).

A

AC current is useful because it can be transferred over long distances with little energy loss.

DC cannot transfer over short distances but focuses on low voltage appliances like electronic devices.

32
Q

Describe different uses of alternating current (AC) and direct current (DC).

A

DC current is used generally for smaller things such as electronics.
AC is used to deliver electricity through powerlines etc.

33
Q
  • Describe the function of a rectifier as converting current from AC into DC
A

The rectifiers role is to convert AC into DC.
It allows current to flow through the device in only one directions rather than alternating.

34
Q
  • Describe the function of a transformer as changing the voltage of the electricity
A

A Transformer transfers electricity from one alternating current circuit to one (or more) other circuits, by either increasing or reducing the voltage.

35
Q
  • Distinguish between step up and step down transformers.
A

A transformer designed to increase the voltage from primary to secondary is called a step-up transformer. A transformer designed to reduce the voltage from primary to secondary is called a step-down transformer.

36
Q
  • Identify “chargers for mobile phones etc as both rectifiers and step down transformers
A

chargers use SMPS technology. It helps to make the circuit compact. In the SMPS technology, the Line power is rectified and filtered into high voltage DC. This is then passed through the small step-down transformer to bring the voltage to 5V

37
Q
  • Outline how electricity is distributed from the power stations to consumers
A

Transmission and powerlines distribute electricity to consumers

38
Q
  • Describe examples of energy efficient appliances used in the home and their impact on electricity consumption
A

Induction Cooktops which are up to 10 x more efficient.
Fridges on average use up to 13% of energy in the household, the energy efficient ones reduce this critically.

39
Q
  • Discuss Design features of houses and buildings that can reduce electricity consumption
A

proper insulation, windows facing the right ways, efficient heating and cooling systems, energy-efficient lighting

40
Q

Outline how electricity is made using coal

A

Coal is burned in boilers that produce steam, the steam is placed under a great amount of pressure which spins a generator to create electricity.

41
Q

Describe how wind generates electricity

A

Wind rotates rotar blade which then converts the kinetic energy into rotational energy.

42
Q

Describe how solar generates energy?

A

When the solar panel material is exposed to light photons it releases electron and produces an electric charge that can be converted into electricity.

43
Q

Describe how hydro generates electricity?

A

Water turns blades in a turbine that transforms the kinetic energy into electrical.

44
Q

Outline how scientists collaborate to help develop technology

A

Scientists provide their ideas and opinions on a project then work together to eliminate all obstacles.

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