science study guide genetics

Question 1

heredity

Answer 1

the passing of traits from parent to offspring

Question 2

nucleus

Answer 2

the control center of eukaryotic cells responsible for containing DNA

Question 3

DNA

Answer 3

carries the instructions that determains the trait of an organism.

Question 4

genes

Answer 4

unit of heredity which determines the traits you receive.

Question 5

alleles

Answer 5

the letters that represent the traits

Question 6

meiosis

Answer 6

the process of cell division that has sex cells. Cells made from meiosis are haploid or half the number of chromosomes as diploids.

Question 7

mitosis

Answer 7

the process of cell division that makes body/somatic cells. each cell made is diploid and contains double the number of chromosome as haploid cells. each cells is an exact copy of the original.

Question 8

dominiant

Answer 8

the trait that overshadows or is seen. Represented by a capital letter.

Question 9

recessive

Answer 9

the trait that hides in the background. represented by a lowercase letter.

Question 10

genotype

Answer 10

the letters that code for the trait- ex. RR , Rr , rr

Question 11

phenotype

Answer 11

the physical expression of the trait. Ex freckles, round, brown eyes.

Question 12

heterozygous/hybrid

Answer 12

alleles that are different- Rr

Question 13

homozygous/hybrid

Answer 13

Alleles that are the same- RR,rr

Question 14

genetic engineering

Answer 14

The process of altering the DNA of an organism to get desired traits.

Question 15

selective breeding

Answer 15

The process of breeding two similar organisms to get desired traits.

Question 16

gene therapy

Answer 16

method of adding or deleting genes.

Question 17

hybridzation

Answer 17

crossing 2 genetically different organisms resulting in an organism that is said to have the best traits from both parents

Question 18

cloning

Answer 18

process of making an exact copy of an organism by copying the DNA of the organism and placing it into an egg cell which is stimulated to divide and create an organism

Question 19

inbreeding

Answer 19

when 2 genetically different organisms resulting in an organism that is said to have the best traits from both parents

Question 20

pedigree

Answer 20

a chart that traces a particular trait through a family history

Question 21

which sex chromosomes are found in a female

Answer 21

XX

Question 22

which sex chromosomes are found in a male

Answer 22

XY

Question 23

how might cloning be harmful

Answer 23

shortened life span or premature aging

Question 24

what are some ways hybrid animals or plants be helpful to mankind

Answer 24

improved food production adaption to harsher environments and improved quality.

Question 25

how is cloning like asexual reproduction

Answer 25

they both produce offsprings that are genetically identical to the parents organisms.

Question 26

how might genetic engineering be considered controversial or unethical

Answer 26

due to concerns about potential unitended consequnces the posibility of creating designer babies