Science study guide

Question 1

What is the function of the nervous system?

Answer 1

To process information from the outside world and send responses for muscles to move accordingly, as well as send and receive messages from the body.

Question 2

What is the primary function of the respiratory system?

Answer 2

To exchange gases by removing carbon dioxide waste and taking in oxygen.

Question 3

What is the main function of the excretory system?

Answer 3

To remove liquid waste from the body.

Question 4

Which organ is part of the nervous system?

Answer 4

Brain.

Question 5

Which organ is part of the respiratory system?

Answer 5

Lungs, Trachea, Bronchial tubes

Question 6

Which organ is part of the excretory system?

Answer 6

Kidneys, ureters, bladder

Question 7

What is the function of the skeletal system?

Answer 7

To support the body, help it move, and protect vital organs.

Question 8

What are the functions of the digestive system?

Answer 8

To break down food and absorb nutrients and energy.

Question 9

What is the purpose of the circulatory system?

Answer 9

To move nutrients, waste, oxygen, and carbon dioxide in blood throughout the body.

Question 10

Which organ is part of the skeletal system?

Answer 10

Skull, rib cage, long bones, spine

Question 11

Which organ is part of the digestive system?

Answer 11

1. Large Intestine
2. Esophagaus
3. Liver
4. Stomach
5. Small Intestine
6. Rectum

Question 12

Which organ is part of the circulatory system?

Answer 12

Heart

Question 13

Fill in the blank: The _______ is responsible for exchanging gases in the body.

Answer 13

respiratory system

Question 14

Fill in the blank: The _______ helps in breaking down food and absorbing nutrients.

Answer 14

digestive system

Question 15

True or False: The rib cage is part of the skeletal system.

Answer 15

True.

Question 16

True or False: The esophagus is part of the circulatory system.

Answer 16

False.

Question 17

List three organs that are part of the skeletal system.

Answer 17

• Skull
• Rib Cage
• Spine

Question 18

List three organs that are part of the digestive system.

Answer 18

• Large Intestine
• Stomach
• Small Intestine

Question 19

List three organs in the circulatory system.

Answer 19

• Heart

Question 20

What is the role of the kidneys in the excretory system?

Answer 20

To filter waste from the blood and produce urine.

Question 21

What begins the process of mechanical digestion?

Answer 21

Teeth

Teeth provide additional structure to the jaw.

Question 22

What organ removes wastes from the blood and transfers them into urine?

Answer 22

Kidneys

Question 23

Where are nutrients absorbed from food into the blood?

Answer 23

Small Intestine

Question 24

What holds solid waste before it is expelled from the body?

Answer 24

Rectum

Question 25

What tube connects the throat and nose to the smaller tubes that lead into the lungs?

Answer 25

Trachea

Question 26

What are the tiny sacs where the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place?

Answer 26

Alveoli

Question 27

What signals the body to react to changes in the environment?

Answer 27

Brain

Question 28

What senses the outside world and communicates with the rest of the body’s systems?

Answer 28

Nerves

Question 29

What protects the lungs and supports breathing?

Answer 29

Rib Cage

Question 30

What holds urine before it is released from the body?

Answer 30

Bladder

Question 31

What pump works every minute of life?

Answer 31

Heart

Question 32

What blood vessels carry blood toward the heart?

Answer 32

Veins

Question 33

What moves food from the mouth into the stomach?

Answer 33

Esophagus

Question 34

What stretchy muscular sac holds food?

Answer 34

Stomach

Question 35

What absorbs water from food, stores wastes, and eliminates wastes from the body?

Answer 35

Large Intestine

Question 36

What produces bile, which helps digest fats?

Answer 36

Liver

Question 37

Where does air enter the body?

Answer 37

Mouth, Nose

Question 38

Where is oxygen exchanged between the blood and circulatory system?

Answer 38

Lungs

Question 39

What is a bundle of nerves that connects your brain to the rest of your body?

Answer 39

Spinal cord

Question 40

What provides support for the body and is where blood cells are produced?

Answer 40

Long bones

Question 41

What protects the spinal cord and supports the head and back?

Answer 41

Spinal column

Question 42

What protects your brain and its connection to your spinal cord?

Answer 42

Skull

Question 43

What blood vessels carry blood away from the heart?

Answer 43

Arteries

Question 44

In what type of blood vessels do blood and organs exchange nutrients and waste?

Answer 44

Capillaries

Question 45

What path does food take through your digestive system?

Answer 45

Mouth → Esophagus → Stomach → Small intestine → Large intestine → Rectum → Anus ## Footnote Food is mechanically digested by teeth and chemically broken down by stomach acids and other substances.

Question 46

What happens to your pulse after exercise?

Answer 46

It increases

Question 47

Which body system includes touch receptors?

Answer 47

Nervous system

Question 48

What are three kinds of waste produced by the body?

Answer 48

* Liquid * Gas * Solid

Question 49

Define 'pulse'. What does it measure?

Answer 49

Pulse is the rate at which your heart beats; it measures the number of times per minute the heart is beating.

Question 50

Describe how the human body is organized, from the largest to the smallest structure.

Answer 50

Body system → Organ → Tissue → Cell

Question 51

What is 'mechanical breakdown'? What structures play a key role in it?

Answer 51

Mechanical breakdown is the process of breaking apart food into smaller parts using physical processes. Key structures include: * Teeth * Jaw muscles * Stomach muscles

Question 52

What is 'chemical breakdown'? Where does it mainly occur?

Answer 52

Chemical breakdown is when chemicals in the stomach and mouth break apart food into smaller parts. It mainly occurs in the stomach.

Question 53

How does blood flow through the four chambers of the heart?

Answer 53

Right Atrium → Right Ventricle → Left Atrium → Left Ventricle

Question 54

What does blood transport? How is blood moved around?

Answer 54

Blood transports nutrients and oxygen to organs. It is moved by the heart pumping blood through veins, capillaries, and arteries.

Question 55

After blood leaves the human heart, where does it go?

Answer 55

To the pulmonary artery (to the lungs) and to the aorta (throughout the body).

Question 56

What are the three types of blood vessels? What is the function of each?

Answer 56

* Capillaries: Exchange deoxygenated and oxygenated blood, and nutrients. * Veins: Move blood towards the heart. * Arteries: Move blood away from the heart.

Question 57

What is a clinical trial? Explain the purpose and process.

Answer 57

A clinical trial is a test run on human volunteers to assess the safety and effectiveness of a new medicine or device. The process involves gathering volunteers, obtaining informed consent, dividing them into control and treatment groups, administering placebo or medicine, and analyzing data.

Question 58

What is the purpose of a placebo? Which group receives the placebo?

Answer 58

The purpose of a placebo is to provide a baseline for comparison. The control group receives the placebo.

Question 59

What is the treatment group? What does this group receive?

Answer 59

The treatment group is given the real medicine in a clinical trial.

Question 60

What is an example of a trade-off when it comes to taking medication?

Answer 60

Choosing between a medicine that completely relieves headaches but has side effects, and another that has no negative side effects but is less effective.

Question 61

What are side effects?

Answer 61

Typically undesirable effects experienced after taking a medicine or medical treatment.

Question 62

How can we determine the effectiveness of medication?

Answer 62

By comparing data from the treatment group to the control group.