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Grade 9 Science > Science sound and light > Flashcards

Science sound and light Flashcards

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1
Q

what is sound?

A

Sound is a type of energy made by vibrations.

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2
Q

what is a Medium?

A

A medium is a material that moves energy or light from one substance to another or from one surface to another.

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3
Q

what does sound rely on to travel?

A

Mediums

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4
Q

What is a soundwave?

A

Sound waves are vibrations that transmit sound through matter.

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5
Q

What is a compression?

A

its the high density peak of a wave

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6
Q

what is a rarefaction?

A

A low density peak in a soundwave

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7
Q

What is a transverse wave?

A

Transverse waves are waves that travel at right angles to the direction of energy transfer

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8
Q

What is a longitudinal wave?

A

A longitudinal wave is a type of wave that travels in the direction of the medium

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9
Q

What is the frequency of a wave?

A

pitch, the frequency of a wave is the number of vibrations a sound source makes per second,

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10
Q

What is frequency measured in?

A

Hertz, vibrations per second

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11
Q

What is wavelength?

A

The size of the soundwave measured from one peak to the next

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12
Q

What kind of wavelength does a low frequency sound have?

A

A long wavelength

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13
Q

What characteristics does a high frequency soundwave have?

A

Bunched compressions, short wavelength, high pitched sound

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14
Q

what characteristics does a low frequency wave have?

A

Spread out compressions, long wavelength, low pitched sound

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15
Q

what is amplitude?

A

Amplitude is a measurement of the amount of energy
transferred by a wave.

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16
Q

What causes all soundwaves?

A

Vibrations

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17
Q

what quality of sound does the frequency determine?

A

pitch

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18
Q

What will sound do if the particles are closer together?

A

The sound will travel faster

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19
Q

what is the formula for calculating the speed of sound?

A

speed = distance / time

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20
Q

What causes an echo

A

hard surfaces reflecting sound

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21
Q

what are the parts of the human ear

A

outer, middle and inner ear, eardrum, ear canal, inner ear bones, cochlea, auditory nerve

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22
Q

What is the purpose of the ear canal?

A

Directs the sound to the ear drum

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23
Q

what is the purpose of the ear drum?

A

To send vibrations to the inner ear

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24
Q

What is light?

A

Light is a type of electromagnetic radiation that allows the human eye to see or makes objects visible

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25
Q

How does light travel?

A

Light waves travel out from their source in straight lines called rays, reflecting off objects

26
Q

what is refraction?

A

the bending of light

27
Q

what is an electromagnetic wave?

A

waves that are created as a result of vibrations between an electric field and a magnetic field

28
Q

what colours have low frequency?

A

red, orange, yellow

29
Q

what colours have high frequency?

A

Blue, indigo, violet

30
Q

what is colour

A

Reflected light

31
Q

what causes reflection?

A

Reflection occurs when light traveling through one material bounces off a different material

32
Q

What is transmission of light?

A

light passes through an object

33
Q

what is absorption of light?

A

Light is transformed into heat inside an object.

34
Q

what does a smooth surface cause light rays to do?

A

Reflect in a regular pattern

35
Q

what does a rough surface cause light rays to do?

A

Reflect light rays in all different directions (diffuse)

36
Q

what is the law of reflection?

A

It states that when a ray of light reflects off a surface, the angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection.

37
Q

what is the bending of light as it passes from one material into another called

A

refraction

38
Q

what is a concave lens

A

A lens that is curved inwards and is thinner in the middle

39
Q

what is a convex lens?

A

A lens that is curved outwards and is thicker in the middle

40
Q

which way does light bend when it slows down while passing from air to water?

A

towards the normal

41
Q
A
42
Q

If light is travelling from a less dense to a more dense substance what happens?

A

The light will bend toward the normal as it slows down

43
Q

what is the normal?

A

The normal is an imaginary line angled at 90 degrees from the surface

44
Q

what is refraction?

A

Refraction is the bending of light

45
Q

What is the refractive index?

A

It is the measure of how easily light travels through different substances

46
Q

If a substance was to have a high refractive index would the substance be dense?

A

Yes

47
Q

What is the purpose of the snells law?

A

to calculate the refractive index of a transparent substance.

48
Q

what does the term converge mean?

A

To spread out

49
Q

what does the term diverge mean?

A

To come together

50
Q

What is a concave lens

A

A lens that is curved inwards and thinner in the middle, causing light rays to diverge.

51
Q

What is a transparent substance

A

Clear or see through

52
Q

what is a translucent substance?

A

A partially clear substance

53
Q

What does a rough surface do to light?

A

causes diffuse reflection

54
Q

what is the law of reflection?

A

That light rays get reflected at right angles.

55
Q

what is diffuse reflection?

A

When light gets reflected in all different directions by a rough surface.

56
Q

what does luminous mean?

A

Creates or emits its own light

57
Q

what does transmission of light mean?

A

Light travelling through a substance

58
Q

what does opaque mean?

A

light absorbed, not transmitted

59
Q

what is light absorption?

A

light being absorbed by a substance transferring its energy as heat into the particles in the substance

60
Q

what is the focal point?

A

where the refracted (bent) light rays cross over.

Grade 9 Science (2 decks)

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