Science revison Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the Cell Cycle

A

he life of a cell comprising
interphase and mitosis.

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2
Q

What is interphase

A

Preparation for mitosis in which
extra cell parts are made and DNA
chromosomes are replicated
(copied).

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3
Q

Mitosis

A

hen one cell divides into two
genetically identical daughter cells.

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4
Q

(I)PMATC

A

The stages of mitosis: interphase
(not mitosis), prophase, metaphase,
anaphase, telophase, cytokinesis.

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5
Q

Prophase

A

he membrane of the nucleus
breaks down and spindle fibres start
to form.

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6
Q

Metaphas

A

Spindle fibres fully form and
chromosomes line up across the
middle of the cell.

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7
Q

Anaphase

A

Chromosome copies separate and
move to each end of the cell.

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8
Q

Cytokinesis

A

The two new cells fully separate.

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9
Q

Telophase

A

A new membrane forms around
each set of chromosomes to form
two nuclei.

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10
Q

Cancer

A

When mitosis happens out of
control forming large lumps of cells
called tumours.

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11
Q

Growth

A

ncrease in size due to increased
numbers of cells.

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12
Q

Percentile

A

A measure of the growth of a
child that compares them to
other children of the same age.

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13
Q

90th percentile

A

A child is taller than 90% of
children of the same age.

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14
Q

50th percentile

A

Average for height/mass for the
age

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15
Q

Percentile
graphs

A

Graphs showing how
height/mass change with age
with different lines for each
percentile.

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16
Q

Cell
differentiation

A

When a cell divides by mitosis to
produce two different types of
cell (not two identical ones).

17
Q

Specialised
cell

A

A cell special features designed
for a specific job.

18
Q

Importance of
differentiation
in animals

A

To produce all the different
types of cell the body needs
such as red blood cells, fat cells,
nerve cells and muscle cells.

19
Q

Plant growth

A

Cell division creates more cells,
elongation makes these cells get
bigger.

20
Q

Meristems

A

Areas just behind the tips of
roots and shoots where cell
division and differentiation
happens.

21
Q

Importance of
differentiation
in plants

A

To produce all the different
types of cell a plant needs such
as root hair cells and xylem cells.

22
Q

Calculating
percentage
changes

A

% change = (final value – starting
value) / starting value x 100

23
Q

Stem cell

A

A cell that can differentiate when it
divides, to produce two different
cells.

24
Q

Embryonic
stem cell

A

A stem cell that can become any
kind of cell. Found in developing
embryos.

25
Q

Adult
stem cell

A

A stem cell that can only become a
few types of cell. Found in animals
after birth.

26
Q

Stem cells
in
medicine

A

It is hoped they can be used to
replace damaged cells in diseases
like type 1 diabetes or leukaemia, or
to grow new organs for transplant.

27
Q

Problems
with stem
cells

A

They may potentially cause cancer,
stem cells can only be used in the
person they have come from.

28
Q

Nervous
system

A

All the nerves in your body working
together to gather information,
make decisions and control
responses.

29
Q

Central
nervous
system

A

The brain and spinal cord – makes
decisions (aka CNS).

30
Q

Peripheral
nervous
system

A

All your other nerves – gathers
information from your senses and
carries messages from the CNS to
your muscles.

31
Q

Neurone

A

A nerve cell

32
Q

Impulse

A

Electrical message carried by a
neuron.

33
Q

Cell body

A

The central part of a nerve cell
containing its nucleus

34
Q

Dendron
and axon

A

The long parts of a nerve cell
carrying impulses towards the cell
body (dendron) and away from it
(axon)