Science Review Questions

Question 1

Law of segregation

Answer 1

Allele pairs segregate during gametogenesis and reunite randomly during fertilization

Question 2

Function of ribosome

Answer 2

Decode mRNA and assemble amino acids for protein synthesis
Synthesize proteins

Question 3

A lipid or fat molecule can be broken down into

Answer 3

Glycerol or fatty acids

Question 4

What bonds are seen in nitrogenous bases

Answer 4

Hydrogen bonds
-easily broken
-nitrogenous bases are building blocks of nucleic acids

Question 5

Link between chromosomes and DNA

Answer 5

Chromosomes are made up of multiple genes that are made of up DNA sequences
DNA - genes - chromosomes

Question 6

Diffusion:

Answer 6

Passive process
High concentration to low concentration

Question 7

Examples of diffusion

Answer 7

Osmosis
Gas exchange

Question 8

Hormones released in response to dehydration

Answer 8

Renin, ADH, aldosterone

Question 9

Hormone released in response to low oxygen levels (hypoxia)

Answer 9

Erythropoietin

Question 10

Where is glucose reabsorbed

Answer 10

Proximal convoluted tubule (where glucose is reabsorbed in kidney)

Question 11

What reabsorbed excess water in kidney

Answer 11

Collecting duct, loop of Henle, distal convoluted tubule

Question 12

Sequence of inhaled air passing through respiratory tract

Answer 12

Nasal cavity - pharynx - larynx - trachea - bronchi - bronchioles

Question 13

Compact bone vs spongy bone

Answer 13

Compact: more osteons, strongest form of bone tissue
Spongy bone: less osteons, lighter than compact bone

Question 14

Substance that kidneys remove from blood during filtration

Answer 14

Salts

Question 15

Dermis vs epidermis

Answer 15

Dermis: thickest layer of skin, highly vascular
Epidermis: cells containing pigment melanin are found here

Question 16

Vasodilation vs. vasoconstriction

Answer 16

Vasodilation: dilate/expand blood vessels
Vasoconstriction: constrict/narrow blood vessels

Question 17

Cutaneous vasoconstriction

Answer 17

Warms body by restricting blood flow to skin

Question 18

Cutaneous vasodilation

Answer 18

Cools body by allowing heat to be released through skin

Question 19

What happens during muscle contraction

Answer 19

Neurotransmitters stimulate muscle contraction
Actin and myosin filaments slide past one another
Sarcomere shortens
Requires ATP

Question 20

Reproductive hormones and where they are produced

Answer 20

Produced by anterior pituitary gland
LH: stimulates ovulation and production of testosterone
FSH: stimulates maturation of sperm and ovum

Question 21

Veins vs. arteries

Answer 21

Veins: carry oxygen depleted blood back to the heart (have thinner walls) (have valves)
Arteries: carry oxygen rich blood away from the heart to the tissues (have thicker walls) (do not have valves)

Question 22

Endocrine glands:

Answer 22

Pineal - melatonin
Hypothalamus - oxytocin and hormones that stimulate other hormone production
Adrenal - produces cortisol and aldosterone
Pituitary gland- GH, TSH, FSH, LH

Question 23

Insulin vs. glucagon

Answer 23

Insulin- decreases blood sugar levels; allows cells to absorb glucose
Glucagon- increases blood sugar levels; triggers liver to convert glycogen into usable form
- both have opposite effect on blood glucose but work together to maintain homeostasis
-both regulate level of glucose in blood
-both secreted by pancreas