Science Review Questions Flashcards
Law of segregation
Allele pairs segregate during gametogenesis and reunite randomly during fertilization
Function of ribosome
Decode mRNA and assemble amino acids for protein synthesis
Synthesize proteins
A lipid or fat molecule can be broken down into
Glycerol or fatty acids
What bonds are seen in nitrogenous bases
Hydrogen bonds
-easily broken
-nitrogenous bases are building blocks of nucleic acids
Link between chromosomes and DNA
Chromosomes are made up of multiple genes that are made of up DNA sequences
DNA - genes - chromosomes
Diffusion:
Passive process
High concentration to low concentration
Examples of diffusion
Osmosis
Gas exchange
Hormones released in response to dehydration
Renin, ADH, aldosterone
Hormone released in response to low oxygen levels (hypoxia)
Erythropoietin
Where is glucose reabsorbed
Proximal convoluted tubule (where glucose is reabsorbed in kidney)
What reabsorbed excess water in kidney
Collecting duct, loop of Henle, distal convoluted tubule
Sequence of inhaled air passing through respiratory tract
Nasal cavity - pharynx - larynx - trachea - bronchi - bronchioles
Compact bone vs spongy bone
Compact: more osteons, strongest form of bone tissue
Spongy bone: less osteons, lighter than compact bone
Substance that kidneys remove from blood during filtration
Salts
Dermis vs epidermis
Dermis: thickest layer of skin, highly vascular
Epidermis: cells containing pigment melanin are found here
Vasodilation vs. vasoconstriction
Vasodilation: dilate/expand blood vessels
Vasoconstriction: constrict/narrow blood vessels
Cutaneous vasoconstriction
Warms body by restricting blood flow to skin
Cutaneous vasodilation
Cools body by allowing heat to be released through skin
What happens during muscle contraction
Neurotransmitters stimulate muscle contraction
Actin and myosin filaments slide past one another
Sarcomere shortens
Requires ATP
Reproductive hormones and where they are produced
Produced by anterior pituitary gland
LH: stimulates ovulation and production of testosterone
FSH: stimulates maturation of sperm and ovum
Veins vs. arteries
Veins: carry oxygen depleted blood back to the heart (have thinner walls) (have valves)
Arteries: carry oxygen rich blood away from the heart to the tissues (have thicker walls) (do not have valves)
Endocrine glands:
Pineal - melatonin
Hypothalamus - oxytocin and hormones that stimulate other hormone production
Adrenal - produces cortisol and aldosterone
Pituitary gland- GH, TSH, FSH, LH
Insulin vs. glucagon
Insulin- decreases blood sugar levels; allows cells to absorb glucose
Glucagon- increases blood sugar levels; triggers liver to convert glycogen into usable form
- both have opposite effect on blood glucose but work together to maintain homeostasis
-both regulate level of glucose in blood
-both secreted by pancreas
