Science Review - Genetics Flashcards
List 4 differences between sexual and asexual reproduction
Asexual - 1 parent
Sexual - 2 parents
Asexual - identical offspring
Sexual - Mixture of parent’s traits
Asexual - Low genetic variety
Sexual - High genetic variety
Asexual - Less chance of mutation
Sexual - more chance of mutation
Which type of reproduction produces more diverse (greater variety of differences) offspring?
Sexual Reproduction
Who is the Father of Genetics? And what did he study?
Gregor Mendel, he studied pea plants
A genotype is:
The genetic make-up of an organism/mixture of genes
A phenotype is:
The physical appearance of an organism
Describe what a homozygous dominant gene is and show how to write it:
DD, the same 2 dominant genes. I dominant passed down from the mother, and 1 dominant passed down from the father.
Describe what a heterozygous gene is and show how to write it:
Dd, the different genes make up the genotype. On parent passes down a dominant gene, and the other parent passes down a recessive gene.
When is the only time a recessive trait will be expressed? How is this written?
dd, only expressed when BOTH parents pass down a recessive gene.
What is a trait?
An organism’s characteristics. Ex: Eye color
Give an example of a trait in plants
Flower Color
Give an example of a trait in animals
Fur Color
Where is the genetic material found? Where specifically in the cell?
The genetic material is in the DNA found in the cell’s nucleus.
Explain how chromosomes, DNA, and genes are associated?
Gene is in the Chromosomes, which is in the DNA, located in the Nucleus.
Gene - Chromosome - DNA - Nucleus - Eukaryotic Cell
~What are the four types of asexual reproduction?~
Buddin, Vegetative Propagation, Binary Fission, and Regeneration.
What are alleles? How do you get 2 alleles for each gene?
Alleles are letters that represent each gene ( dominant/recessive) one from each parent equals 2 total per gene!
Why would a person have free-earlobes if they received one allele for attached earlobes and one allele for free-earlobes from their parents?
The free-earlobes allele is dominant and masks the attached-earlobe recessive allele.
In pea plants, the allele for white flowers is recessive. So, how do we get a pea plant that has white flowers?
Both parents must pass down a recessive allele so that the offspring will have recessive alleles.
The study of heredity is called?
Genetics
Is Parthenogenesis sexual or asexual?
Asexual
Is Binary Fission sexual or asexual?
Asexual
Is Spawning sexual or asexual?
Sexual
Is regeneration sexual or asexual?
Asexual
Is pollination sexual or asexual?
Sexual
Is propagation sexual or asexual?
Asexual
