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Geography & Science Exams > Science Review > Flashcards

Science Review Flashcards

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1
Q

Quantitative vs. Qualitative

A

Quantitative describes properties of matter using measurements. Qualitative describes properties of matter using senses. Ex. Length, smell

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2
Q

3 Lab Rules
Why must they be followed?

A

No open-toe shoes, long hair tied back, and no food or drinks. Lab rules must be followed the keep everyone safe and protected from injury or death.

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3
Q

Two safety devices

A

Eye wash station and shower.

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4
Q

Matter

A

Anything that has a mass or volume. Solid

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5
Q

Pure substance

A

Substance with one type of particle and 1 set of physical and chemical properties. Salt

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6
Q

Elements

A

Substance made of one atom, found on periodic table. Lithium

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7
Q

Compounds

A

2 or more elements chemically bonded. Water

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8
Q

Mixture

A

Substance with 2 or more pure substances mixed. Trail mix

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9
Q

Homogenous mixture

A

Substances are unidentifiable, evenly mixed. Coffee and milk

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10
Q

Heterogenous mixture

A

Substances are identifiable, not mixed well. Sand

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11
Q

How will something sink or float in water?

A

Sink in water if it has a higher density than water, will float if its density is smaller than water.

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12
Q

4 Chemical Clues

A

Transfer of heat, change in colour, bubbles/fizzing, and odour/scent.

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13
Q

An atom, molecule, and compound.

A

An atom is a single, tiny particle. A molecule is a group of 2 or more atoms of the same element held together by chemical bonds. A compound is a substance made from 2 or more different elements chemically bonded together.

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14
Q

Period

A

Horizontal rows on the periodic table and tells you how many electron orbitals an element has.

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15
Q

Group

A

Vertical columns on the periodic table that tell you the number of valence electrons those elements have.

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16
Q

Non-metal

A

Gases that are located on the right side of the periodic table.

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17
Q

Metalloid

A

Solids that are located in the zigzag staircase on the periodic table.

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18
Q

Metal

A

Solids located on the left side of the periodic table.

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19
Q

Alkali Metal

A

In group 1, one valence electron, are highly reactive and have a low melting point.

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20
Q

Alkaline Earth Metal

A

In group 2, 2 valence electrons, shiny, silvery, and bright colours.

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21
Q

Halogen

A

In group 17, highly reactive with 7 valence electrons, can be poisonous.

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22
Q

Noble Gas

A

In group 18, unreactive with full valence shells, non-toxic.

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23
Q

Proton

A

Positively charged subatomic particle, located in the nucleus of the atom.

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24
Q

Electron

A

Negatively charged subatomic particle, located in the orbitals surrounding the atom.

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25
Q

Neutron

A

Neutrally charged subatomic particle, located in the nucleus of the atom.

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26
Q

Atomic Number

A

Determines the number of protons in an atom and where the element is located on the periodic table.

27
Q

Atomic Mass

A

Bottom number of element and is the protons and neutrons added together.

28
Q

Ion vs. Isotope

A

An ion is a charged atom that can either loose or gain electrons. Gains electrons its negatively charged and an anion. Loses electrons its positively charged and a cation. An isotope is an atom with the same number of protons, but a different number of neutrons and it affects the mass of the atom.

29
Q

Static electricity vs. Current electricity

A

The difference between static electricity and current electricity is that static electricity is the accumulation of electrons on an object to form an electric charge, either negative or positive. Current electricity is the flow or movement of electrons in an electrical circuit or space.

30
Q

What does it mean to “ground” an object?

A

To “ground” an object means that you remove the net charge of the object by putting it in contact with the ground. This makes the object neutral again by dispersing the prior charge into the ground.

31
Q

How does lightning occur?

A

Lightning occurs when negative charges build up at the base of the cloud and positive charges at the top of the cloud. As negative charges move down from the cloud and positive charges move up from the ground, they meet and create a bolt of electricity called lightning.

32
Q

How are buildings protected by lightning?

A

Tall buildings are protected from lightning by a lightning rod on top of the building. How a lightning rod works is if lightning strikes the rod, the electricity is transferred to the ground through a wire.

33
Q

Conductor vs. Insulator

A

A conductor easily allows electrons to flow through it. An insulator holds electrons and doesn’t allow them to flow through it. Conductor- copper, insulator- glass

34
Q

What’s induced charge separation?

A

Induced charge separation is when the charges in a neutral object split, one side negative electrons and one side positive protons. When a charged object is placed near a neutral object, the electrons will shift positions depending on what charge the charged object is. Electrons could repel the charged object, or attract it, depending on the charge.

35
Q

4 main parts of a circuit

A

The four main parts of an electric circuit are the energy source (battery), conducting wires, load (light bulb), and switch.

36
Q

What’s electrical resistance and why is it necessary for most loads?

A

Electrical resistance slows down the flow of electrons in an electric circuit. It is necessary for the functioning of most loads because resistors ensure that throughout the circuit, current is flowing at the appropriate levels.

37
Q

Why are homes wires in parallel and not series?

A

Homes are wired in parallel and not series because the voltage is the same across each electrical appliance, and if an appliance stopped working, the rest of the appliances would continue working.

38
Q

What is a short circuit and why are they dangerous?

A

A short circuit is when electric current flows down an unintended path and there’s no resistance to slow the flow of elections. They can be dangerous because they can cause fires, small explosions, damage, and electrical shock.

39
Q

Abiotic

A

A non-living part of an ecosystem. Ex. Rock

40
Q

Biotic

A

A living organism in an ecosystem. Ex. Plants

41
Q

Decomposer

A

An organism that breaks down other organisms. Ex. Bacteria

42
Q

Ecosystems

A

Ecosystems are all interacting parts of a biological community and environment, with abiotic and biotic organisms. Ex. Coral reef

43
Q

Herbivores

A

Plant eating organisms. Ex. Cows

44
Q

Carnivores

A

Meat eating organisms. Ex. Lions

45
Q

Omnivores

A

Organisms that eat both meat and plants. Ex. Dogs

46
Q

Autotrophs (Producers)

A

Produce their own food through photosynthesis. Ex. Plants

47
Q

Heterotrophs (Consumers)

A

Obtain their food by eating other organisms. Ex. Humans

48
Q

Sustainability

A

Means that an ecosystem is supported and can endure disturbances. Ex. Forests

49
Q

Trophic levels

A

Levels of a food web that are based on how an organism gains energy. Ex. Primary

50
Q

Population

A

Looks at species populations and how they interact with their environment.

51
Q

Food chain

A

Looks at the one chain of producers and consumers in an ecosystem.

52
Q

Food web

A

Looks at various chains of producers and consumers in an ecosystem.

53
Q

Habitat

A

Where an organism creates its home, with all the conditions it needs to live. Ex. Desert

54
Q

Community

A

Looks at the populations of two or more species that live in the same area, at the same time

55
Q

What is the source of all energy?

A

The source of all energy in ecosystems is the sun. Plants get their energy from the sun through photosynthesis, then herbivores and omnivores eat the plants, and carnivores eat the animals. Without the sun there would be no animals or plants because the sun is the source of all energy.

56
Q

What are trophic levels? What happens to all the energy in animals at each level? How much energy is passed on to the next organism? What happens to the energy that isn’t transferred?

A

Trophic levels are levels of a food web that are based on how an organism gains energy. What happens to the energy in the animals at each level is that it gets consumed by another organism. About 10% energy is passed onto the next organism when it consumes an animal. What happens to the energy that isn’t transferred is it becomes metabolic heat, or it’s used for growth, reproduction, etc.

57
Q

Food chain vs. food web. Similarities and differences.

A

Food chains look at one chain of producers and consumers in an ecosystem, while a food web looks at various chains of producers and consumers in an ecosystem. They are similar because they’re both analyzing producers and consumers in an ecosystem, but they are different because food webs analyze multiple chains in an ecosystem, while a food chain only looks at one.

58
Q

Which are terrestrial planets? Which are gas giants? Define each type of planet.

A

Terrestrial planets are Mars, Venus, Earth, and Mercury. Jupiter and Saturn are gas giants. Terrestrial planets (Inner) are solid, rocky planets that are closest to the sun. Jovian planets (Outer) are larger in size, are mostly made of gases, and do not have solid surfaces.

59
Q

Name the types of stars.

A

Protostar, main sequence star, red giant star, white dwarf stars, neutron stars, red dwarf stars, yellow dwarf stars and blue giant stars.

60
Q

What determines how bright a star is?

A

Its composition and how far it is from Earth.

61
Q

How is a star created?

A

How a star is created is gravity causes hydrogen and helium in the nebula to swirl and condense, forming a dense center that eventually becomes a star.

62
Q

Compare planets and stars. List features of planets and stars.

A

Plants orbit on their own or around the sun, and stars orbit the center of a galaxy. Properties of stars are luminosity, colour, size, and composition. Blue and white stars are brighter and hotter than red and yellow stars. The properties of planets are that they have a core and are either circular or ovel in shape

63
Q

What is the difference between a solar and lunar eclipse?

A

A solar eclipse is when the sun gets blocked because the moon is passing between Earth and the sun, the moon blocks light from the sun. A lunar eclipse is when the moon gets darker because the Earth passes between the sun and the moon, Earth’s shadow is cast onto the moon.

Geography & Science Exams (2 decks)

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