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NLN study Guide > Science Questions Practice > Flashcards

Science Questions Practice Flashcards

1
Q

1 kilogram (kg) of solid X at 10°C and 1 kg of solid Y at 10°C each absorb 5 joules of heat energy. The final temperatures of X and Y are 15°C and 20°C, respectively. Compared to X, Y must have a lower

A

specific heat

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2
Q

30 students in a class carefully measure the length and width of 20 peanut shells. They also count the number and note the size of the peanuts inside. This information is recorded on various graphs showing the numbers of nuts and the different sizes. The collected evidence of the peanuts gives the students an idea of the extent of

A

variation within a species.

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3
Q

According to the Ideal Gas Equation (PV = nRT), if the temperature and amount of gas are kept constant, what will be the effect of an increase in pressure on the volume of a gas?

A

As the pressure increases, the volume decreases.

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4
Q

All living cells contain cytoplasm. Cytoplasm is important because it

A

controls what moves in and out of the cell.

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5
Q

All of these groups of land plants produce seeds EXCEPT

A

evergreen trees, such as pines and spruces.

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6
Q

All the glucose filtered from the blood in the glomerulus into the Bowman’s capsule of the kidney nephron is returned to the tissue fluid while passing along the proximal tubule. This rapid return is effected by the process of

A

active transport

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7
Q

Amnesia in humans is the loss of memory. Which of these parts of the brain has been affected when someone is suffering from amnesia caused by head trauma?

A

Cerebral cortex.

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8
Q

The amplitude of a sound wave is most closely related to its

A

loudness

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9
Q

Anaerobic respiration occurs in muscle tissue when it cannot get sufficient oxygen to function aerobically. Which of these conditions is most likely to directly result from this?

A

cramps

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10
Q

As an object falls freely near the surface of the earth, its speed increases, representing a transformation of

A

potential to kinetic energy

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11
Q

As part of the human immune response, which of these cells are responsible for producing antibodies?

A

lymphocytes

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12
Q

The atomic number of flourine is 9. How many electrons are contained in the second principal energy level of a flourine atom in the ground state?

A

7

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13
Q

The atoms of an element with seven valence electrons are most probably classified as

A

nonmetals.

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14
Q

At room temperature, which of these substances exists as diatomic molecules?

A

oxygen

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15
Q

The bending of a wave around an obstacle is known as

A

diffraction

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16
Q

The boiling point of liquid nitrogen at one atmosphere pressure is 77 K. This temperature is equivalent to.

A
  • 196 C
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17
Q

The calorie and the kilocalorie are units of

A

energy

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18
Q

A cell which manufactures a large amount of protein for export would have an abundance of organelles called

A

ribosomes

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19
Q

Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution suggests that the reason for the various differences between species is a result of

A

natural selection

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20
Q

Cicero and Wozniak probably decided to restrict their study to male offspring of alcoholic male rats because they wanted to

A

compare results with prior findings from human studies

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21
Q

Cicero and Wozniak used young rats in their experiment instead of older rats because young rats are

A

more sensitive to alcohol.

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22
Q

A circuit contains three 3-ohm (W) resistors in series. What is the equivalent resistance of this combination?

A

9W

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23
Q

Compounds with the same type and number of atoms and the same chemical bonds but different spatial arrangements of these bonds and atoms are called

A

structural isomers.

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24
Q

Coulomb’s law is most closely associated with

A

Electric charges

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25
Q

A drop of dilute ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH) is placed on one side of a slide containing a large number of swimming paramecium. Under this condition, which of these behaviors of the paramecia will be observed?

A

They will eventually all swim away from the ammonium hydroxide.

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26
Q

Ductless glands in the human body secrete

A

hormones

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27
Q

During exercise, a person’s respiratory rate increases due to

A

an increase in CO2 concentration in the blood.

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28
Q

The energy associated with an object’s position is termed

A

potential energy.

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29
Q

Enzymes that are involved in biochemical reactions are organic

A

catalysts

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30
Q

An example of an adaptation to prevent water loss in plants is

A

waxy epidermis

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31
Q

An example of the most complex level of organization in a frog is the

A

respiratory system

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32
Q

The extension of a neuron that carries the impulse to another cell is called

A

axon

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33
Q

The force of gravity on an object is that object’s

A

weight

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34
Q

The full set of genes in an individual is known as

A

the human genome.

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35
Q

The functional group present in all alcohols is the

A

hydroxyl group

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36
Q

Ganglia are made up of a cluster of

A

neurons.

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37
Q

Guard cells which can be found in the leaves of plants are most closely associated with which of these processes?

A

Evaporation of water from the plant.

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38
Q

Heat energy is absorbed in which of these phase changes?

A

Br2 (l) -> Br2(g)

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39
Q

How much current is drawn by a light bulb that has a resistance of 100 R with a voltage of 110 V? (V = IR)

A

1.1 amperes

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40
Q

Human testes produce

A

spermatozoa

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41
Q

If all of the second-order consumers within an ecosystem of a region were removed, the most likely short-term effect would be

A

an increase in the number of first-order consumers.

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42
Q

If a person is fasting for 24 hours and ingests no carbohydrates, the liver will provide for the body’s need by

A

converting glycogen into glucose.

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43
Q

If a red light is passed through a dilute solution of chlorophyll solution, the spectrophotometer will detect what amount of transmittance of this light?

A

50 - 75%

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44
Q

If blue light emits electrons from a photosensitive surface, then electrons must also be emitted by

A

uv light

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45
Q

If the medulla of the brain in a human was damaged, which of these conditions would most likely result?

A

Difficulty in breathing

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46
Q

If the night temperature drops 50 degrees, the roadrunner’s internal energy-conservation permits a lowering of body temperature to

A

94 degrees

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47
Q

In a study on the effect of cocaine on the brains of rats, two groups of animals were selected. Each day, Group A was injected with the drug dissolved in water, whereas Group B was injected with water alone. In such a study Group B is included as

A

a control group

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48
Q

In classical physics, light is viewed as part of the electromagnetic spectrum, traveling in the form of transverse waves. Quantum physics proposes that light is composed of quanta called

A

photons

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49
Q

In corn plants, the gene that codes for the presence of chlorophyll is sometimes missing. The resulting seedlings are albino and will not survive. This lethal gene appears in corn populations because

A

the parent plants that produced the seeds carried the recessive gene for the albino trait

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50
Q

In diagnostic testing, the electroencephalogram permits the physician to

A

examine the impulses of the nerve cells within the brain

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51
Q

In ecological succession, the first living thing to colonize a hitherto barren area is called a

A

pioneer organism

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52
Q

The inherited factors that are transmitted in an organism from generation to generation are called its

A

genotype

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53
Q

In order to observe the endoplasmic reticulum in a cell, a scientist would use

A

an electron microscope

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54
Q

In the reaction of iron with water shown below, what coefficient must be placed before the iron (Fe) to balance the reaction? Fe + 4H2O ° Fe3O4 + 4H2

A

3

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55
Q

In varieties of matter, the term heterogeneous may be applied to

A

mixtures, but not elements or compounds.

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56
Q

Iodized salt is used to prevent a human condition known as

A

goiter

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57
Q

A lab technician has the choice of four different enzymes to use in an experiment that will run at 25°C. The optimal temperatures of enzymes using the Kelvin scale are: Enzyme A: 273 K, Enzyme B: 298 K, Enzyme C: 310 K, Enzyme D: 325 K. Which enzyme would be the best to use in this experiment?

A

Enzyme B

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58
Q

The Law of Dominance was proposed by which of the following scientists?

A

Mendel

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59
Q

A lens that focuses distant light to a single point is known as a

A

converging lens.

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60
Q

The light sensitive cells of the eye are called rods and cones. Which of these layers of the eye are they found in?

A

retina

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61
Q

A magician rapidly pulls a tablecloth from a table, leaving the dishes undisturbed. Which of these principles of physics explains this “trick”?

A

Objects at rest tend to remain at rest.

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62
Q

A material that settles out of a reaction is termed a

A

colloid

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63
Q

The meiotic division of cells leads to the production of cells that

A

contain half the usual number of chromosomes.

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64
Q

A method for determining the blood alcohol content of a subject is to

A

use a breathalyzer

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65
Q

Most internal gas exchanges in the human respiratory tract occurs across the capillaries of which of these structures?

A

alveoli

66
Q

The most probable area of study that would show the prevalence of mental illness in mid-Manhattan is that of

A

epidemiology

67
Q

Muscles are attached to bone by which of these structures?

A

tendons

68
Q

Night blindness in humans is caused by a lack of

A

Vitamin A

69
Q

The normal boiling temperature for water is 100° when measured on which of these scales?

A

celsius

70
Q

The number of complete waves which pass a point in one second is known as a

A

frequency

71
Q

The organ that filters metabolic waste from the blood is the

A

kidney

72
Q

Periodontitis is an inflammatory condition of the

A

gum tissue that surrounds the neck of each tooth.

73
Q

A person blows his breath into a straw that is placed in limewater. The limewater becomes cloudy because the person’s breath contains

A

carbon dioxide

74
Q

A person who was in an auto accident has formed a blood clot at the site of the injury. One event that can lead to formation of a blood clot is that

A

ruptured platelets release thromboplastin

75
Q

A physician measures the pulse and blood pressure (BP) of all patients on a routine basis. Which of these measurements show the normal BP values for a resting adult patient?

A

120/.80 mmHg

76
Q

The physics principle that is primarily used in developing a rollercoaster ride is

A

centripetal force

77
Q

The process of nuclear cell division in the cell reproduction of plants differs from mammals. A major difference is that

A

cell plates are synthesized

78
Q

A quantity that has both magnitude and direction is called

A

A vector

79
Q

A recently discovered species has these characteristics: amniotic eggs, a four-chambered heart, and lightweight, honeycombed bones. Which of these ADDITIONAL characteristics is likely to be present?

A

Feathers for flying.

80
Q

Reducing the use of aeresol cans has contributed to the decrease of?

A

the destruction of the ozone layer

81
Q

The region of the brain most concerned with coordinating somatic motor function is the

A

cerebellum

82
Q

The scientific name of the wolf is Canis lupus. The name indicates the wolf’s

A

genus and species

83
Q

Scientists have discovered that most vertebrates have cone cells in their eyes, which distinguish colors in daylight. The rods are more sensitive to light, but do not distinguish colors. If a mammal is nocturnal

A

there are fewer cones and a greater concentration of rods to collect the minimal light for night vision.

84
Q

The second law of thermodynamics states that with every spontaneous process, the entropy of the universe

A

increases

85
Q

Sodium will react most readily with

A

chlorine

86
Q

A student focuses sunlight to a point with a thin converging (convex) lens. Which of these direct measurements can the student make as a result of this experiment?

A

The approx focal point of the lens

87
Q

A substance composed of similar atoms (number of protons is the same for all) that can not be broken down chemically is a(n)

A

Element

88
Q

A substance that increases the speed of a reaction by lowering its activation energy is called

A

a catalyst

89
Q

Substance Y is soluble only in nonpolar solvents and does not conduct electricity, either in the solid or liquid phases. Y is most probably

A

a nonpolar substance

90
Q

The succession of flora and fauna encountered while climbing a mountain in the northern hemisphere is similar to that found when traveling from the base of the same mountain in which of these general directions?

A

North

91
Q

Sugar molecules enter a cell against a concentration gradient by the process of

A

facilitated diffusion.

92
Q

The surface of the moon has almost no atmosphere and is one-sixth the gravitational acceleration of the earth. If a feather and a hammer were dropped near the surface of the moon,

A

the feather and the hammer would hit the surface at the same time.

93
Q

A tincture is a solution in which

A

alcohol is the solvent.

94
Q

To determine the optimum conditions for the activity of a digestive enzyme, it would be necessary to test its activity over a range of

A

temperature, pH and substrate concentration.

95
Q

To sterilize a metal probe in the office, a dentist could use a steam sterilizer. If unavailable, the next most effective method to sterilize the instrument would be

A

boiling it in water for 15 minutes.

96
Q

Unicellular organisms that have a nucleus and can swim with the aid of cilia are examples of

A

protozoans

97
Q

An unknown gas is more dense than air, does not support combustion, and turns a limewater solution cloudy. This gas is most probably

A

carbon dioxide

98
Q

The vertical columns on the periodic chart are known as

A

groups

99
Q

Water freezes at 0°C. On the Kelvin temperature scale, this is equivalent to

A

273 K

100
Q

The watt is a unit of

A

power

101
Q

The weight of an adult human in newtons (N) is closest to

A

500 N

102
Q

What is a gram stain?

A

an important technique used in the laboratory that

distinguishes between different kinds of bacterial cell walls.

103
Q

What is the correct sequence in the life cycle of a moth?

A

Egg, larva, pupa, adult.

104
Q

What is the pH of a solution whose H+ ion concentration is 1 x 10-2 mole per liter?

A

2

105
Q

When a column of air is vibrating at the same rate as a tuning fork, the process is referred to as

A

resonance

106
Q

When a drop of dilute nitric acid is added to water surrounding a hydra, the animal draws in its tentacles. The acid is acting as

A

a stimulus

107
Q

When a population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, which of these conditions must be present?

A

The population is isolated from other populations.

108
Q

When a sperm and egg join to form a zygote in humans, what determines the sex of the child that is produced?

A

the sperm

109
Q

Which of these substances carries energy within cells and is produced as a result of cellular respiration?

A

ATP

110
Q

Which of these structures produces sperm cells in human males?

A

testes

111
Q

Which of these structures of the male reproductive system carries sperm cells from the testes to the lower part of the abdomen?

A

Vas deferens

112
Q

Which of these structures contains valves to prevent blood from flowing in the wrong direction?

A

Veins

113
Q

Which of these single instruments may be used to measure the current flowing through a circuit?

A

Ammeter

114
Q

Which of these sequences of anatomic organization, from the simplest level to the most complex, is the correct sequence?

A

tissue, organ, organ system to organism.

115
Q

Which of these quantities is most closely associated with an object’s inertia?

A

mass

116
Q

Which of these quantities is a vector quantity?

A

Force

117
Q

Which of these processes occurs at a neuromuscular junction?

A

Impulse transmission.

118
Q

Which of these processes is used to free contaminated water of bacteria?

A

Passing it through charcoal.

119
Q

Which of these processes is responsible for the recorded production of CO2 by yeast cells from sugar solution?

A

anaerobic respiration

120
Q

Which of these processes is illustrated by the spreading out of ammonia vapor in a closed room?

A

Diffusion

121
Q

When blood is filtered in the kidney and urine is produced, red blood cells and plasma proteins do not pass through the blood capillaries. This occurs because

A

blood and plasma proteins are needed by the body, so they do not get filtered out into the kidney.

122
Q

When steel wool (mostly iron) burns, its mass increases. The best explanation of this observation is that

A

the iron oxide formed has more mass than the iron alone.

123
Q

Which of these pH values represents the most basic solution?

A

14

124
Q

Which of these particles can only be found in the nucleus of an atom?

A

protons and neutrons

125
Q

Which of these pairs of units measures the same quantity?

A

Newton and joule / Newton and watt ?

126
Q

Which of these organ systems does NOT provide for the excretion of substances?

A

lymphatic

127
Q

Which of these organisms use nitrogen directly from the air?

A

blue-green algae

128
Q

Which of these organisms might be found in contaminated well water?

A

Giardia

129
Q

Which of these is the correct sequence of chambers through which blood flows in the human heart and lungs?

A

Right atrium; right ventricle; lungs; left atrium; left ventricle.

130
Q 
Which of these is NOT an organic compound?
CH4 (methane).
C6H12O6 (glucose).
CH3COOH (acetic acid).
HCl (hydrochloric acid).
A

HCl (hydrochloric acid).

131
Q

Which of these is an example of a simple machine?

A

lever, pulley, inclined plane

132
Q

When three resistors of 10.0 ohms each are placed in series, the total resistance is

A

30.0 ohms

133
Q

When two atoms share a pair of electrons, the bond between them is called

A

covalent

134
Q

Which of these is an example of an emulsion?

A

mayonnaise

135
Q

Which of these hydrocarbons is a member of the benzene family?

A

Toluene

136
Q

Which of these germ layers gives rise to the skin?

A

ectoderm

137
Q

Which of these findings suggests a serious illness from a urinalysis?

A

Presence of glucose and protein.

138
Q

When water passes from a region of greater concentration to a region of lesser concentration through a selectively permeable membrane, the process is known as

A

osmosis

139
Q

Which of these factors is a variable in Cicero and Wozniak’s research?

A

Liquid diet of 6% alcohol.

140
Q

Which of these experiments would be an effective way to determine the distribution of touch receptors in the skin?

A

Have a blindfolded student tell when a bristle placed lightly against the skin is felt.

141
Q

Which of these equations best illustrates a synthesis reaction?

A

2Na + Cl2 -> 2NaCl

142
Q

Which of these could be stopped by a sheet of paper?

A

Alpha particle

143
Q

Which of these conditions is associated with smoking?

A

emphysema

144
Q

When your muscles atrophy, they

A

waste away

145
Q

Which aspect of a simple machine is represented by the ratio work output to work input?

A

Actual mechanical advantage.

146
Q

Which biochemical family do starch and glycogen belong in?

A

carbohydrates

147
Q

Which human body system does meiosis occur in?

A

reproductive

148
Q

Which of these arrangements of atoms is found in all alcohols?
C-OH

A

C-OH

149
Q

Which of these changes occurs in the kidneys when a person becomes dehydrated?

A

The filtration rate of water remains constant and the reabsorption of water increases.

150
Q

Which of these substances contains a nonpolar covalent bond?

A

O2

151
Q

Which of these temperatures is known as Absolute Zero?

A

0 K

152
Q

You cut your finger rather deeply while slicing an apple. Which of these actions should you take first?

A

Wash the wound continuously with cold running water.

153
Q

A woman suddenly chokes on a piece of food and clutches frantically at her throat. An immediate remedy is to

A

apply quick, hard pressures successively to her abdomen, just beneath her diaphragm.

154
Q

Within which of these structures of the female reproductive tract is the human egg fertilized?

A

Fallopian tube.

155
Q

Within a living cell, the oxygen (O2) from a mixture of O2 and carbon dioxide (CO2) is used up. This creates a concentration gradient across the cell membrane, drawing O2 across the membrane from the outside in, a process known as

A

diffusion

156
Q

Whole blood of type AB can be transfused to people with which of these types of blood?

A

AB only

157
Q

Which of these units is associated with magnitude, but not direction?

A

Time

158
Q

Which part of the cell structure controls the passage of materials into and out of the cell?

A

Plasma membrane.

159
Q

Which part of the human central nervous system controls voluntary movements?

A

Cerebrum.

160
Q

While working in the chemistry laboratory, a student spills dilute hydrochloric acid on her hand. What is the first action this student should take?

A

Flush her hand with large quantities of water.

NLN study Guide (2 decks)

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